Article XIX (Emergency Action on Imports of Particular Products)
E12884
Article XIX (Emergency Action on Imports of Particular Products) is a safeguard provision in international trade law that allows countries to temporarily restrict imports to protect domestic industries from serious injury caused by sudden import surges.
All labels observed (1)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Article XIX (Emergency Action on Imports of Particular Products) canonical | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T120930 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Article XIX (Emergency Action on Imports of Particular Products) Context triple: [General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, hasPart, Article XIX (Emergency Action on Imports of Particular Products)]
-
A.
National Emergencies Act
The National Emergencies Act is a U.S. federal law that regulates the president’s power to declare and manage national emergencies by establishing formal procedures, limits, and congressional oversight.
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B.
Smoot–Hawley Tariff Act
The Smoot–Hawley Tariff Act was a 1930 U.S. law that sharply raised import duties, widely blamed for worsening international trade tensions and deepening the Great Depression.
-
C.
Lever Food and Fuel Control Act of 1917
The Lever Food and Fuel Control Act of 1917 was a World War I-era U.S. law that granted the federal government broad powers to regulate the production, distribution, and pricing of food and fuel to support the war effort and prevent hoarding and profiteering.
-
D.
Emergency Banking Act
The Emergency Banking Act was a 1933 U.S. law passed early in Franklin D. Roosevelt’s presidency to stabilize the collapsing banking system during the Great Depression by regulating bank operations and restoring public confidence.
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E.
’33 Act
The ’33 Act is a foundational U.S. federal securities law that governs the initial offering and sale of securities to the public, emphasizing disclosure to protect investors.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Article XIX (Emergency Action on Imports of Particular Products) Target entity description: Article XIX (Emergency Action on Imports of Particular Products) is a safeguard provision in international trade law that allows countries to temporarily restrict imports to protect domestic industries from serious injury caused by sudden import surges.
-
A.
National Emergencies Act
The National Emergencies Act is a U.S. federal law that regulates the president’s power to declare and manage national emergencies by establishing formal procedures, limits, and congressional oversight.
-
B.
Smoot–Hawley Tariff Act
The Smoot–Hawley Tariff Act was a 1930 U.S. law that sharply raised import duties, widely blamed for worsening international trade tensions and deepening the Great Depression.
-
C.
Lever Food and Fuel Control Act of 1917
The Lever Food and Fuel Control Act of 1917 was a World War I-era U.S. law that granted the federal government broad powers to regulate the production, distribution, and pricing of food and fuel to support the war effort and prevent hoarding and profiteering.
-
D.
Emergency Banking Act
The Emergency Banking Act was a 1933 U.S. law passed early in Franklin D. Roosevelt’s presidency to stabilize the collapsing banking system during the Great Depression by regulating bank operations and restoring public confidence.
-
E.
’33 Act
The ’33 Act is a foundational U.S. federal securities law that governs the initial offering and sale of securities to the public, emphasizing disclosure to protect investors.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (43)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
GATT provision
ⓘ
safeguard measure provision ⓘ |
| aimsTo | balance trade liberalization with domestic adjustment needs ⓘ |
| allows |
quantitative restrictions on imports
ⓘ
temporary increase in tariffs ⓘ temporary suspension of GATT obligations ⓘ |
| alsoKnownAs |
WTO Agreement on Safeguards
ⓘ
surface form:
Article XIX of GATT 1994
GATT Article XIX ⓘ |
| appliesTo | imports of particular products ⓘ |
| basisFor | multilateral safeguard investigations ⓘ |
| beneficiary | domestic industry producing like or directly competitive products ⓘ |
| condition |
requires serious injury or threat of serious injury to domestic producers
ⓘ
requires that increased imports result from unforeseen developments ⓘ requires that serious injury is caused by increased imports ⓘ |
| excludes |
anti-dumping measures
ⓘ
countervailing measures ⓘ |
| historicalPrecursorOf |
WTO Agreement on Safeguards
ⓘ
surface form:
WTO Agreement on Safeguards disciplines
|
| implementedBy | national safeguard legislation of WTO members ⓘ |
| legalDomain |
World Trade Organization law
ⓘ
international trade law ⓘ |
| linkedTo |
multilateral trading system
ⓘ
principle of fair trade ⓘ |
| objective | to facilitate orderly adjustment of domestic industry ⓘ |
| partOf |
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
ⓘ
surface form:
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1994
World Trade Organization ⓘ
surface form:
World Trade Organization legal framework
|
| prohibits | use of safeguards as a disguised restriction on international trade ⓘ |
| purpose |
to address serious injury caused by increased imports
ⓘ
to allow temporary import restrictions to protect domestic industries ⓘ |
| regulates |
emergency action on imports
ⓘ
safeguard measures ⓘ |
| relatedInstrument | WTO Agreement on Safeguards ⓘ |
| requires |
application on an MFN basis
ⓘ
causal link between increased imports and serious injury ⓘ consideration of public interest and economic impact ⓘ consultations with affected WTO members ⓘ evidence-based determination of serious injury ⓘ non-discriminatory application of safeguard measures ⓘ notification to affected WTO members ⓘ prior investigation of import trends and injury ⓘ progressive liberalization of safeguard measures over time ⓘ |
| scope | applies to goods trade ⓘ |
| subjectTo |
Dispute Settlement Body
ⓘ
surface form:
WTO dispute settlement
|
| temporalNature | temporary ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Article XIX (Emergency Action on Imports of Particular Products) Description of subject: Article XIX (Emergency Action on Imports of Particular Products) is a safeguard provision in international trade law that allows countries to temporarily restrict imports to protect domestic industries from serious injury caused by sudden import surges.
Referenced by (1)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
→
hasPart
→
Article XIX (Emergency Action on Imports of Particular Products)
ⓘ