Article XIX:1
E389500
Article XIX:1 is the opening provision of GATT’s safeguard clause, setting out the basic conditions under which a WTO member may temporarily restrict imports to protect a domestic industry from serious injury caused by unforeseen import surges.
All labels observed (1)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Article XIX:1 canonical | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T3793347 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Article XIX:1 Context triple: [GATT Article XIX, chapterSection, Article XIX:1]
-
A.
Article XVIII
Article XVIII is a provision of the 1948 Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide that addresses the treaty’s procedural or final clauses within the framework of international law.
-
B.
Article XVII
Article XVII is a provision of the 1948 Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide that addresses the relationship between the Convention and existing international agreements and obligations of states.
-
C.
Article XV
Article XV is a provision of the Biological Weapons Convention that governs how the treaty may be amended by its States Parties.
-
D.
Article XIII
Article XIII is a provision of the 1948 Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide that addresses procedural or institutional aspects related to the convention’s implementation.
-
E.
Article 9
Article 9 is the famous pacifist clause of Japan’s postwar constitution that renounces war and prohibits Japan from maintaining traditional military forces.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Article XIX:1 Target entity description: Article XIX:1 is the opening provision of GATT’s safeguard clause, setting out the basic conditions under which a WTO member may temporarily restrict imports to protect a domestic industry from serious injury caused by unforeseen import surges.
-
A.
Article XVIII
Article XVIII is a provision of the 1948 Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide that addresses the treaty’s procedural or final clauses within the framework of international law.
-
B.
Article XVII
Article XVII is a provision of the 1948 Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide that addresses the relationship between the Convention and existing international agreements and obligations of states.
-
C.
Article XV
Article XV is a provision of the Biological Weapons Convention that governs how the treaty may be amended by its States Parties.
-
D.
Article XIII
Article XIII is a provision of the 1948 Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide that addresses procedural or institutional aspects related to the convention’s implementation.
-
E.
Article 9
Article 9 is the famous pacifist clause of Japan’s postwar constitution that renounces war and prohibits Japan from maintaining traditional military forces.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (48)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
WTO law provision
ⓘ
treaty provision ⓘ |
| allows |
temporary modification of GATT concessions
ⓘ
temporary suspension of GATT obligations ⓘ temporary withdrawal of GATT concessions ⓘ |
| alsoKnownAs | opening provision of the GATT safeguard clause ⓘ |
| appliesTo |
World Trade Organization member states
ⓘ
surface form:
WTO Members
|
| basedOn | concept of emergency action on imports ⓘ |
| citationForm |
Article XIX of the GATT 1994
ⓘ
surface form:
Article XIX:1 GATT 1994
|
| codifiedIn |
Annex 1A: Multilateral Agreements on Trade in Goods
ⓘ
surface form:
Annex 1A of the Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the WTO
|
| condition |
effect of GATT obligations including tariff concessions
ⓘ
existence of increased imports ⓘ imports must be in such increased quantities ⓘ imports must be under such conditions ⓘ serious injury to domestic producers ⓘ threat of serious injury to domestic producers ⓘ unforeseen developments ⓘ |
| continuityIn |
GATT 1994 via the Uruguay Round Agreements
ⓘ
surface form:
GATT 1994
|
| governs | emergency action on imports of particular products ⓘ |
| historicalPrecursorOf | multilateral safeguard disciplines under the WTO ⓘ |
| interpretedBy |
WTO Appellate Body
ⓘ
WTO panels ⓘ |
| language |
English
ⓘ
French ⓘ Spanish ⓘ |
| legalEffect | permits derogation from GATT obligations subject to conditions ⓘ |
| legalNature | exception to general GATT obligations ⓘ |
| legalSystem |
WTO agreements
ⓘ
surface form:
World Trade Organization law
|
| linkedConcept |
domestic industry
ⓘ
like or directly competitive products ⓘ serious injury ⓘ tariff concessions ⓘ unforeseen developments ⓘ withdrawal of concessions ⓘ |
| partOf |
Article XIX of the GATT 1994
ⓘ
GATT Article XIX ⓘ
surface form:
GATT safeguards clause
GATT 1994 via the Uruguay Round Agreements ⓘ
surface form:
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1994
|
| purpose |
to address serious injury caused by import surges
ⓘ
to protect a domestic industry ⓘ |
| relatedTo | Agreement on Safeguards ⓘ |
| requires |
causal link between increased imports and serious injury
ⓘ
that serious injury be to domestic producers of like or directly competitive products ⓘ |
| scope | goods trade ⓘ |
| setsOut | basic conditions for applying safeguard measures ⓘ |
| subjectMatter |
protection of domestic industry
ⓘ
safeguard measures ⓘ temporary import restrictions ⓘ |
| yearEnacted | 1947 ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Article XIX:1 Description of subject: Article XIX:1 is the opening provision of GATT’s safeguard clause, setting out the basic conditions under which a WTO member may temporarily restrict imports to protect a domestic industry from serious injury caused by unforeseen import surges.
Referenced by (1)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.