Roman army

E45664

ancient military organization component of the Roman state

The Roman army was the highly organized and disciplined military force of ancient Rome that enabled the expansion, defense, and control of its vast empire across Europe, North Africa, and the Near East.

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All labels observed (9)

Label	Occurrences
Roman army canonical	69
Imperial Roman army	10
Roman military	4
Roman armies	1
Roman army in Italy	1
Roman forces	1
Roman imperial armed forces	1
Roman military organization	1
Roman soldiers	1

Statements (133)

Predicate	Object
instanceOf	ancient military organization ⓘ component of the Roman state ⓘ
commandedBy	Roman consuls (in the Republic) ⓘ Roman dictators (in emergencies) ⓘ Roman emperors (in the Empire) ⓘ centurions ⓘ legates ⓘ provincial governors ⓘ tribunes ⓘ
defended	Danube frontier ⓘ Roman–Parthian frontier zone ⓘ surface form: Euphrates frontier Hadrian's Wall ⓘ limes Germanicus ⓘ
fundedBy	Roman state treasury ⓘ provincial taxation ⓘ war booty ⓘ
grants	Roman citizenship to auxiliary veterans ⓘ land to veterans (at various times) ⓘ
hasCharacteristic	advanced logistics ⓘ engineering expertise ⓘ high discipline ⓘ professionalization (in the Imperial period) ⓘ standardized equipment ⓘ strict hierarchy ⓘ tactical flexibility ⓘ use of Latin as command language ⓘ use of military training drills ⓘ
hasComponent	Praetorian Guard ⓘ Roman legion ⓘ surface form: Roman legions artillery units ⓘ auxiliary troops ⓘ cavalry units ⓘ engineers ⓘ frontier troops ⓘ garrison troops ⓘ logistical support units ⓘ medical personnel ⓘ naval forces ⓘ officer corps ⓘ scouts ⓘ standard bearers ⓘ urban cohorts ⓘ vigiles (paramilitary fire and police units) ⓘ
hasDoctrine	combined arms tactics ⓘ fortified marching camps ⓘ integration of allied and auxiliary troops ⓘ road building to support movement ⓘ siege warfare techniques ⓘ standardized battle formations ⓘ use of heavy infantry as core ⓘ use of reserves in battle ⓘ
hasEquipment	ballista ⓘ battering rams ⓘ galea (helmet) ⓘ gladius ⓘ lorica hamata ⓘ lorica segmentata ⓘ lorica squamata ⓘ onager ⓘ pilum ⓘ scutum ⓘ siege towers ⓘ
hasFunction	defense of borders ⓘ maintenance of internal order ⓘ protection of trade routes ⓘ territorial expansion ⓘ
hasLegalBasis	Roman military law ⓘ oath of loyalty (sacramentum) ⓘ
hasPrimaryFunction	warfare ⓘ
hasRank	aquilifer ⓘ centurio ⓘ immunes ⓘ legatus ⓘ milites ⓘ optio ⓘ signifer ⓘ tribunus ⓘ
hasTactic	encirclement maneuvers ⓘ feigned retreat (occasionally) ⓘ integration of artillery in sieges ⓘ systematic scouting and reconnaissance ⓘ testudo formation ⓘ triplex acies formation ⓘ use of fortified camps as bases ⓘ
hasUnitType	ala (cavalry wing) ⓘ century ⓘ cohort ⓘ comitatenses ⓘ foederati ⓘ legion ⓘ limitanei ⓘ maniple ⓘ numerus ⓘ
influenced	Byzantine army ⓘ medieval European military systems ⓘ modern military organization concepts ⓘ
operatedIn	Asia Minor ⓘ Balkans ⓘ Britannia ⓘ Egypt ⓘ Europe ⓘ Gaul ⓘ Germania ⓘ Iberian Peninsula ⓘ surface form: Hispania Italian Peninsula ⓘ Levant region ⓘ surface form: Levant Mediterranean Basin ⓘ surface form: Mediterranean region Middle East ⓘ surface form: Near East North Africa ⓘ
participatedIn	Gallic Wars ⓘ Jewish–Roman wars ⓘ surface form: Jewish–Roman Wars Punic Wars ⓘ Roman civil wars ⓘ Roman–Parthian Wars ⓘ Roman–Persian Wars ⓘ
partOf	Roman Empire ⓘ Roman Republic ⓘ
recruitsFrom	Roman citizens ⓘ allied peoples ⓘ barbarian federate groups ⓘ non-citizen provincials (auxiliaries) ⓘ
supportedBy	Roman road network ⓘ forts and fortresses along frontiers ⓘ military supply depots ⓘ state-run arms production ⓘ
timePeriod	Roman Empire ⓘ Roman Kingdom ⓘ Roman Republic ⓘ
underwentReformBy	Augustus ⓘ Constantinus Magnus ⓘ surface form: Constantine the Great Diocletian ⓘ Gaius Marius ⓘ
usedBy	Roman Antiquity ⓘ surface form: ancient Rome

Referenced by (89)

Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.

Limes Germanicus → builtBy → Roman army ⓘ

Labarum → usedBy → Roman army ⓘ

Titus → militaryBranch → Roman army ⓘ

Trial of Jesus → hasParticipant → Roman army ⓘ

this entity surface form: Roman soldiers

Orestes → powerBase → Roman army ⓘ

this entity surface form: Roman army in Italy

Vindolanda → builtBy → Roman army ⓘ

Birdoswald Roman Fort → builtFor → Roman army ⓘ

Antonine Wall → builder → Roman army ⓘ

Aalen Roman fort → usedBy → Roman army ⓘ

Roman fort Traiectum → builtBy → Roman army ⓘ

subject surface form: Traiectum

Sextus Julius Severus → militaryBranch → Roman army ⓘ

Martin of Tours → servedIn → Roman army ⓘ

Praetorian Guard → partOf → Roman army ⓘ

ancient Italy → culturalInfluenceOn → Roman army ⓘ

this entity surface form: Roman military organization

Roman fort of Mamucium → constructedBy → Roman army ⓘ

subject surface form: Mamucium

Roman fort of Mamucium → abandonedBy → Roman army ⓘ

subject surface form: Mamucium

this entity surface form: Roman military

Argentoratum → usedBy → Roman army ⓘ

Roman eagle → usedBy → Roman army ⓘ

this entity surface form: Imperial Roman army

Roman god Mars → associatedWith → Roman army ⓘ

subject surface form: Mars

Lucius Aemilius Paullus → militaryBranch → Roman army ⓘ

Nero Claudius Drusus → militaryBranch → Roman army ⓘ

Battle of Trebia → combatant → Roman army ⓘ

Marcus Ulpius Traianus the Elder → militaryBranch → Roman army ⓘ

Glevum → usedBy → Roman army ⓘ

Batavian cohorts → militaryBranchOf → Roman army ⓘ

Gnaeus Julius Agricola → militaryBranch → Roman army ⓘ

Deva → usedBy → Roman army ⓘ

Eboracum → abandonedBy → Roman army ⓘ

this entity surface form: Roman military

Centurion (Roman officer) → partOf → Roman army ⓘ

subject surface form: Centurion

Marcus Aemilius Lepidus → militaryBranch → Roman army ⓘ

Classis Ravennatis → partOf → Roman army ⓘ

this entity surface form: Roman imperial armed forces

Tiberius Gracchus → militaryService → Roman army ⓘ

Legio VI Victrix → allegiance → Roman army ⓘ

this entity surface form: Imperial Roman army

principia (headquarters building) → usedBy → Roman army ⓘ

subject surface form: Principia (Chesters Roman Fort)

Legio XX Valeria Victrix → militaryBranch → Roman army ⓘ

Oescus → usedBy → Roman army ⓘ

Novae → usedBy → Roman army ⓘ

Novae archaeological site → usedBy → Roman army ⓘ

Battle of Campus Ergenus → hasMilitaryBranch → Roman army ⓘ

Quintus Lutatius Catulus → militaryBranch → Roman army ⓘ

Assassination of Severus Alexander → involves → Roman army ⓘ

Ammianus Marcellinus → servedIn → Roman army ⓘ

Numidian cavalry → usedBy → Roman army ⓘ

optio → partOf → Roman army ⓘ

lorica segmentata → usedBy → Roman army ⓘ

testudo formation → usedBy → Roman army ⓘ

cohors II Raetorum → militaryBranch → Roman army ⓘ

limes Germanicus → usedBy → Roman army ⓘ

subject surface form: Limes Germanicus

Noric steel → valuedBy → Roman army ⓘ

this entity surface form: Roman military

Carthaginian army → opponent → Roman army ⓘ