Triple

T2055561
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Roman army E45664 entity
Predicate hasTactic P1716 FINISHED
Object testudo formation
The testudo formation was a Roman military defensive tactic in which soldiers aligned their shields to form a protective shell against missiles during sieges and advances.
E228786 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: testudo formation | Statement: [Roman army, hasTactic, testudo formation]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: testudo formation
Context triple: [Roman army, hasTactic, testudo formation]
  • A. Testudo
    Testudo is the diamondback terrapin mascot of the University of Maryland, symbolizing the school's athletic teams and campus spirit.
  • B. Testudo graeca
    Testudo graeca, commonly known as the Greek tortoise, is a small to medium-sized terrestrial tortoise native to parts of southern Europe, North Africa, and Southwest Asia, often kept as a pet and recognized for its domed shell and herbivorous diet.
  • C. tent tortoise
    The tent tortoise (Psammobates tentorius) is a small, terrestrial tortoise native to arid regions of southern Africa, recognized for its high-domed, attractively patterned shell.
  • D. Turtle Tower
    Turtle Tower is a small historic pagoda-like structure on an islet in Hanoi’s Hoàn Kiếm Lake, symbolizing the city and associated with the legendary Hoàn Kiếm (Returned Sword) myth.
  • E. Manouria tortoises
    Manouria tortoises are large, primitive Asian tortoises in the genus Manouria, known for their rugged shells and association with humid forest habitats.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: testudo formation
Triple: [Roman army, hasTactic, testudo formation]
Generated description
The testudo formation was a Roman military defensive tactic in which soldiers aligned their shields to form a protective shell against missiles during sieges and advances.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: testudo formation
Target entity description: The testudo formation was a Roman military defensive tactic in which soldiers aligned their shields to form a protective shell against missiles during sieges and advances.
  • A. Testudo
    Testudo is the diamondback terrapin mascot of the University of Maryland, symbolizing the school's athletic teams and campus spirit.
  • B. Testudo graeca
    Testudo graeca, commonly known as the Greek tortoise, is a small to medium-sized terrestrial tortoise native to parts of southern Europe, North Africa, and Southwest Asia, often kept as a pet and recognized for its domed shell and herbivorous diet.
  • C. tent tortoise
    The tent tortoise (Psammobates tentorius) is a small, terrestrial tortoise native to arid regions of southern Africa, recognized for its high-domed, attractively patterned shell.
  • D. Turtle Tower
    Turtle Tower is a small historic pagoda-like structure on an islet in Hanoi’s Hoàn Kiếm Lake, symbolizing the city and associated with the legendary Hoàn Kiếm (Returned Sword) myth.
  • E. Manouria tortoises
    Manouria tortoises are large, primitive Asian tortoises in the genus Manouria, known for their rugged shells and association with humid forest habitats.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69a8891a19508190a12ef1e192308dcb completed March 4, 2026, 7:33 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69abb9a9ce548190a5a3488fafb2e79e completed March 7, 2026, 5:37 a.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69ae200eb09881908bbfe47ebb62f55e completed March 9, 2026, 1:19 a.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69ae20cb479c8190853d0d954af16887 completed March 9, 2026, 1:22 a.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69ae21614e74819093617a355f0857c8 completed March 9, 2026, 1:24 a.m.
Created at: March 4, 2026, 7:40 p.m.