Triple
T2055561
| Position | Surface form | Disambiguated ID | Type / Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subject | Roman army |
E45664
|
entity |
| Predicate | hasTactic |
P1716
|
FINISHED |
| Object |
testudo formation
The testudo formation was a Roman military defensive tactic in which soldiers aligned their shields to form a protective shell against missiles during sieges and advances.
|
E228786
|
NE FINISHED |
How this triple was built (4 steps)
Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.
NER
Named-entity recognition
gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: testudo formation | Statement: [Roman army, hasTactic, testudo formation]
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: testudo formation Context triple: [Roman army, hasTactic, testudo formation]
-
A.
Testudo
Testudo is the diamondback terrapin mascot of the University of Maryland, symbolizing the school's athletic teams and campus spirit.
-
B.
Testudo graeca
Testudo graeca, commonly known as the Greek tortoise, is a small to medium-sized terrestrial tortoise native to parts of southern Europe, North Africa, and Southwest Asia, often kept as a pet and recognized for its domed shell and herbivorous diet.
-
C.
tent tortoise
The tent tortoise (Psammobates tentorius) is a small, terrestrial tortoise native to arid regions of southern Africa, recognized for its high-domed, attractively patterned shell.
-
D.
Turtle Tower
Turtle Tower is a small historic pagoda-like structure on an islet in Hanoi’s Hoàn Kiếm Lake, symbolizing the city and associated with the legendary Hoàn Kiếm (Returned Sword) myth.
-
E.
Manouria tortoises
Manouria tortoises are large, primitive Asian tortoises in the genus Manouria, known for their rugged shells and association with humid forest habitats.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg
Description generation
gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. # Instructions Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential. # Response Format Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: testudo formation Triple: [Roman army, hasTactic, testudo formation]
Generated description
The testudo formation was a Roman military defensive tactic in which soldiers aligned their shields to form a protective shell against missiles during sieges and advances.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: testudo formation Target entity description: The testudo formation was a Roman military defensive tactic in which soldiers aligned their shields to form a protective shell against missiles during sieges and advances.
-
A.
Testudo
Testudo is the diamondback terrapin mascot of the University of Maryland, symbolizing the school's athletic teams and campus spirit.
-
B.
Testudo graeca
Testudo graeca, commonly known as the Greek tortoise, is a small to medium-sized terrestrial tortoise native to parts of southern Europe, North Africa, and Southwest Asia, often kept as a pet and recognized for its domed shell and herbivorous diet.
-
C.
tent tortoise
The tent tortoise (Psammobates tentorius) is a small, terrestrial tortoise native to arid regions of southern Africa, recognized for its high-domed, attractively patterned shell.
-
D.
Turtle Tower
Turtle Tower is a small historic pagoda-like structure on an islet in Hanoi’s Hoàn Kiếm Lake, symbolizing the city and associated with the legendary Hoàn Kiếm (Returned Sword) myth.
-
E.
Manouria tortoises
Manouria tortoises are large, primitive Asian tortoises in the genus Manouria, known for their rugged shells and association with humid forest habitats.
- F. None of above. chosen
Provenance (5 batches)
The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.
| Step | Stage | Batch ID | Status | When |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| creating | Elicitation | batch_69a8891a19508190a12ef1e192308dcb |
completed | March 4, 2026, 7:33 p.m. |
| NER | Named-entity recognition | batch_69abb9a9ce548190a5a3488fafb2e79e |
completed | March 7, 2026, 5:37 a.m. |
| NED1 | Entity disambiguation (via context triple) | batch_69ae200eb09881908bbfe47ebb62f55e |
completed | March 9, 2026, 1:19 a.m. |
| NEDg | Description generation | batch_69ae20cb479c8190853d0d954af16887 |
completed | March 9, 2026, 1:22 a.m. |
| NED2 | Entity disambiguation (via description) | batch_69ae21614e74819093617a355f0857c8 |
completed | March 9, 2026, 1:24 a.m. |
Created at: March 4, 2026, 7:40 p.m.