Thurgood Marshall
E1700
Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States
NAACP lawyer
civil rights lawyer
human
judge
lawyer
Thurgood Marshall was the first African American U.S. Supreme Court Justice and a pioneering civil rights lawyer who successfully argued Brown v. Board of Education, helping dismantle legal segregation in the United States.
All labels observed (4)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Thurgood Marshall canonical | 143 |
| Justice Thurgood Marshall | 22 |
| Thurgood | 2 |
| Thurgood Marshall (in part) | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T6496 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Thurgood Marshall Context triple: [Episcopal Church, historicallyInfluentialMembers, Thurgood Marshall]
-
A.
Paul G. Kirk
Paul G. Kirk is an American lawyer and Democratic politician who served as interim U.S. Senator from Massachusetts following the death of Edward M. Kennedy.
-
B.
Ruth Bader Ginsburg
Ruth Bader Ginsburg was a pioneering American lawyer and jurist who served as an Associate Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court and became a leading advocate for gender equality and civil rights.
-
C.
Oliver Wendell Holmes Sr.
Oliver Wendell Holmes Sr. was a 19th-century American physician, poet, and essayist known for his wit, literary works, and contributions to medical reform.
-
D.
Martin Luther King Jr.
Martin Luther King Jr. was a prominent American civil rights leader and Baptist minister who advocated nonviolent resistance to racial segregation and injustice.
-
E.
Alfred N. Goldsmith
Alfred N. Goldsmith was an American electrical engineer and radio pioneer who played a key role in the early development and professionalization of radio engineering.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Thurgood Marshall Target entity description: Thurgood Marshall was the first African American U.S. Supreme Court Justice and a pioneering civil rights lawyer who successfully argued Brown v. Board of Education, helping dismantle legal segregation in the United States.
-
A.
Paul G. Kirk
Paul G. Kirk is an American lawyer and Democratic politician who served as interim U.S. Senator from Massachusetts following the death of Edward M. Kennedy.
-
B.
Ruth Bader Ginsburg
Ruth Bader Ginsburg was a pioneering American lawyer and jurist who served as an Associate Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court and became a leading advocate for gender equality and civil rights.
-
C.
Oliver Wendell Holmes Sr.
Oliver Wendell Holmes Sr. was a 19th-century American physician, poet, and essayist known for his wit, literary works, and contributions to medical reform.
-
D.
Martin Luther King Jr.
Martin Luther King Jr. was a prominent American civil rights leader and Baptist minister who advocated nonviolent resistance to racial segregation and injustice.
-
E.
Alfred N. Goldsmith
Alfred N. Goldsmith was an American electrical engineer and radio pioneer who played a key role in the early development and professionalization of radio engineering.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (52)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States
ⓘ
NAACP lawyer ⓘ civil rights lawyer ⓘ human ⓘ judge ⓘ lawyer ⓘ |
| advocatedFor |
desegregation of public schools
ⓘ
expansion of individual rights under the U.S. Constitution ⓘ racial equality ⓘ |
| appointedBy | Lyndon B. Johnson ⓘ |
| awarded | Spingarn Medal ⓘ |
| barAdmission | Maryland bar ⓘ |
| birthName | Thoroughgood Marshall ⓘ |
| burialPlace | Arlington National Cemetery ⓘ |
| causeOfDeath | heart failure ⓘ |
| child |
John W. Marshall
ⓘ
Thurgood Marshall Jr. ⓘ |
| countryOfCitizenship | United States of America ⓘ |
| dateOfBirth | 1908-07-02 ⓘ |
| dateOfDeath | 1993-01-24 ⓘ |
| educatedAt |
Howard University
ⓘ
surface form:
Howard University School of Law
Lincoln University (Pennsylvania) ⓘ |
| employer |
NAACP
ⓘ
surface form:
NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund
|
| endTime | 1991-10-01 ⓘ |
| ethnicGroup | African American ⓘ |
| fullName | Thurgood Marshall self-link ⓘ |
| graduatedWithDegree | law degree ⓘ |
| hasHonor |
Thurgood Marshall College at the University of California, San Diego named in his honor
ⓘ
Thurgood Marshall Federal Judiciary Building named in his honor ⓘ Thurgood Marshall U.S. Courthouse in New York named in his honor ⓘ |
| knownFor |
arguing cases to end racial segregation in public education
ⓘ
being the first African American Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court ⓘ leading legal strategist of the civil rights movement ⓘ |
| notableDissent |
Furman v. Georgia
ⓘ
San Antonio Independent School District v. Rodriguez ⓘ |
| notableWork |
Brown v. Board of Education
ⓘ
McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents ⓘ Shelley v. Kraemer ⓘ Smith v. Allwright ⓘ Sweatt v. Painter ⓘ |
| numberOfChildren | 2 ⓘ |
| placeOfBirth |
Baltimore
ⓘ
surface form:
Baltimore, Maryland, United States
|
| placeOfDeath |
Bethesda, Maryland
ⓘ
surface form:
Bethesda, Maryland, United States
|
| politicalAlignment | liberal ⓘ |
| positionHeld |
Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States
ⓘ
Chief Counsel of the NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund ⓘ Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit ⓘ Office of the Solicitor General ⓘ
surface form:
Solicitor General of the United States
|
| religion | Episcopalian ⓘ |
| spouse |
Cecilia Suyat Marshall
ⓘ
Vivian "Buster" Burey Marshall ⓘ |
| startTime | 1967-10-02 ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Thurgood Marshall Description of subject: Thurgood Marshall was the first African American U.S. Supreme Court Justice and a pioneering civil rights lawyer who successfully argued Brown v. Board of Education, helping dismantle legal segregation in the United States.
Referenced by (168)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
this entity surface form:
Justice Thurgood Marshall
subject surface form:
Milliken v. Bradley (1974)
this entity surface form:
Justice Thurgood Marshall
this entity surface form:
Thurgood Marshall (in part)
this entity surface form:
Justice Thurgood Marshall
this entity surface form:
Justice Thurgood Marshall
this entity surface form:
Justice Thurgood Marshall
this entity surface form:
Justice Thurgood Marshall