Shuttlesworth v. Birmingham
E177750
Shuttlesworth v. Birmingham is a 1969 U.S. Supreme Court case in which the Court struck down a city ordinance that gave officials broad discretion to deny parade permits, reinforcing First Amendment protections for civil rights demonstrators.
All labels observed (1)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Shuttlesworth v. Birmingham canonical | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T1538844 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Shuttlesworth v. Birmingham Context triple: [Assembly Clause, usedInCase, Shuttlesworth v. Birmingham]
-
A.
Browder v. Gayle
Browder v. Gayle was the landmark 1956 federal court case that declared bus segregation in Montgomery, Alabama unconstitutional, effectively ending the Montgomery bus boycott and striking a major blow against Jim Crow laws.
-
B.
NAACP v. Alabama
NAACP v. Alabama is a landmark 1958 U.S. Supreme Court case that strengthened constitutional protections for freedom of association by preventing states from forcing advocacy groups to disclose their membership lists.
-
C.
Jackson v. Birmingham Board of Education
Jackson v. Birmingham Board of Education is a landmark U.S. Supreme Court case that held individuals are protected from retaliation when they complain about sex discrimination in educational programs receiving federal funding.
-
D.
Heart of Atlanta Motel, Inc. v. United States
Heart of Atlanta Motel, Inc. v. United States is a landmark 1964 U.S. Supreme Court case that upheld the constitutionality of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 by affirming Congress’s power to prohibit racial discrimination in public accommodations under the Commerce Clause.
-
E.
Sweatt v. Painter
Sweatt v. Painter was a landmark 1950 U.S. Supreme Court case that challenged racial segregation in higher education and helped lay the groundwork for Brown v. Board of Education.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Shuttlesworth v. Birmingham Target entity description: Shuttlesworth v. Birmingham is a 1969 U.S. Supreme Court case in which the Court struck down a city ordinance that gave officials broad discretion to deny parade permits, reinforcing First Amendment protections for civil rights demonstrators.
-
A.
Browder v. Gayle
Browder v. Gayle was the landmark 1956 federal court case that declared bus segregation in Montgomery, Alabama unconstitutional, effectively ending the Montgomery bus boycott and striking a major blow against Jim Crow laws.
-
B.
NAACP v. Alabama
NAACP v. Alabama is a landmark 1958 U.S. Supreme Court case that strengthened constitutional protections for freedom of association by preventing states from forcing advocacy groups to disclose their membership lists.
-
C.
Jackson v. Birmingham Board of Education
Jackson v. Birmingham Board of Education is a landmark U.S. Supreme Court case that held individuals are protected from retaliation when they complain about sex discrimination in educational programs receiving federal funding.
-
D.
Heart of Atlanta Motel, Inc. v. United States
Heart of Atlanta Motel, Inc. v. United States is a landmark 1964 U.S. Supreme Court case that upheld the constitutionality of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 by affirming Congress’s power to prohibit racial discrimination in public accommodations under the Commerce Clause.
-
E.
Sweatt v. Painter
Sweatt v. Painter was a landmark 1950 U.S. Supreme Court case that challenged racial segregation in higher education and helped lay the groundwork for Brown v. Board of Education.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (49)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
First Amendment case
ⓘ
United States Supreme Court case ⓘ civil rights case ⓘ |
| affects | regulation of parades and demonstrations in public streets ⓘ |
| appliedToStatesBy |
Fourteenth Amendment
ⓘ
surface form:
Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution
|
| arguedDate |
1968-11-18
ⓘ
1968-11-19 ⓘ |
| citation | 394 U.S. 147 ⓘ |
| concurrenceBy |
Byron R. White
ⓘ
John M. Harlan II ⓘ Thurgood Marshall ⓘ William J. Brennan Jr. ⓘ William O. Douglas ⓘ |
| constitutionalProvision | First Amendment to the United States Constitution ⓘ |
| decisionDate | 1969-03-10 ⓘ |
| dissentBy |
Abe Fortas
ⓘ
Hugo L. Black ⓘ |
| hasCourt | Supreme Court of the United States ⓘ |
| hasPetitioner |
Fred Shuttlesworth
ⓘ
surface form:
Fred L. Shuttlesworth
|
| hasRespondent |
Birmingham, Alabama, United States
ⓘ
surface form:
City of Birmingham, Alabama
|
| holding |
A city may not vest unbridled discretion in officials to grant or deny parade permits for use of public streets.
ⓘ
A person faced with an unconstitutional licensing law may ignore it and exercise First Amendment rights. ⓘ The Birmingham parade ordinance was unconstitutional as applied to Shuttlesworth. ⓘ |
| involvedOrdinance | Birmingham parade permit ordinance ⓘ |
| joinedByInMajority |
Byron R. White
ⓘ
Earl Warren ⓘ Hugo L. Black ⓘ John M. Harlan II ⓘ Thurgood Marshall ⓘ William J. Brennan Jr. ⓘ William O. Douglas ⓘ |
| jurisdiction |
United States of America
ⓘ
surface form:
United States
|
| keyPrinciple |
government licensing schemes affecting speech must contain narrow, objective, and definite standards
ⓘ
officials may not have arbitrary power to deny use of public forums for expression ⓘ |
| legalIssue |
First Amendment freedom of speech
ⓘ
freedom of assembly ⓘ overbreadth doctrine ⓘ prior restraint ⓘ vagueness doctrine ⓘ |
| locationOfEvents |
Birmingham, Alabama, United States
ⓘ
surface form:
Birmingham, Alabama
|
| majorityOpinionBy | Potter Stewart ⓘ |
| page | 147 ⓘ |
| rearguedDate | 1969-01-20 ⓘ |
| relatedMovement | American civil rights movement ⓘ |
| reporter | United States Reports ⓘ |
| subjectMatter |
parade permits
ⓘ
time, place, and manner restrictions on speech ⓘ |
| volume | 394 ⓘ |
| yearDecided | 1969 ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Shuttlesworth v. Birmingham Description of subject: Shuttlesworth v. Birmingham is a 1969 U.S. Supreme Court case in which the Court struck down a city ordinance that gave officials broad discretion to deny parade permits, reinforcing First Amendment protections for civil rights demonstrators.
Referenced by (1)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.