Batson v. Kentucky
E237788
Batson v. Kentucky is a landmark 1986 U.S. Supreme Court case that held prosecutors may not use peremptory challenges to exclude jurors solely on the basis of race, reshaping jury selection practices nationwide.
All labels observed (2)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Batson v. Kentucky canonical | 2 |
| Batson challenge | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T2128608 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Batson v. Kentucky Context triple: [Sixth Amendment to the United States Constitution, interpretedByCase, Batson v. Kentucky]
-
A.
Powell v. Alabama
Powell v. Alabama is a landmark 1932 U.S. Supreme Court decision that held in capital cases the Due Process Clause requires defendants be given access to effective legal counsel, especially when they are young, illiterate, or otherwise disadvantaged.
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B.
Furman v. Georgia
Furman v. Georgia is a landmark 1972 U.S. Supreme Court case that temporarily halted capital punishment nationwide by ruling existing death penalty schemes unconstitutional under the Eighth and Fourteenth Amendments.
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C.
Duncan v. Louisiana
Duncan v. Louisiana is a 1968 U.S. Supreme Court decision that held the Sixth Amendment right to a jury trial in criminal cases applies to the states through the Fourteenth Amendment.
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D.
Betts v. Brady
Betts v. Brady was a 1942 U.S. Supreme Court decision that held indigent defendants in state criminal cases were not automatically entitled to court-appointed counsel, a rule later overturned by Gideon v. Wainwright.
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E.
Craig v. Boren
Craig v. Boren is a 1976 U.S. Supreme Court case that established intermediate scrutiny as the standard for evaluating gender-based classifications under the Equal Protection Clause.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Batson v. Kentucky Target entity description: Batson v. Kentucky is a landmark 1986 U.S. Supreme Court case that held prosecutors may not use peremptory challenges to exclude jurors solely on the basis of race, reshaping jury selection practices nationwide.
-
A.
Powell v. Alabama
Powell v. Alabama is a landmark 1932 U.S. Supreme Court decision that held in capital cases the Due Process Clause requires defendants be given access to effective legal counsel, especially when they are young, illiterate, or otherwise disadvantaged.
-
B.
Furman v. Georgia
Furman v. Georgia is a landmark 1972 U.S. Supreme Court case that temporarily halted capital punishment nationwide by ruling existing death penalty schemes unconstitutional under the Eighth and Fourteenth Amendments.
-
C.
Duncan v. Louisiana
Duncan v. Louisiana is a 1968 U.S. Supreme Court decision that held the Sixth Amendment right to a jury trial in criminal cases applies to the states through the Fourteenth Amendment.
-
D.
Betts v. Brady
Betts v. Brady was a 1942 U.S. Supreme Court decision that held indigent defendants in state criminal cases were not automatically entitled to court-appointed counsel, a rule later overturned by Gideon v. Wainwright.
-
E.
Craig v. Boren
Craig v. Boren is a 1976 U.S. Supreme Court case that established intermediate scrutiny as the standard for evaluating gender-based classifications under the Equal Protection Clause.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (50)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
United States Supreme Court case
ⓘ
criminal procedure case ⓘ landmark decision ⓘ |
| appliesTo |
prosecutors’ use of peremptory challenges
ⓘ
state criminal prosecutions ⓘ |
| areaOfLaw |
constitutional law
ⓘ
criminal law ⓘ equal protection ⓘ jury selection ⓘ |
| arguedDate | 1985-12-12 ⓘ |
| citation | 476 U.S. 79 ⓘ |
| concurrenceBy |
Lewis F. Powell Jr.
ⓘ
Thurgood Marshall ⓘ |
| constitutionalProvisionInterpreted |
Equal Protection Clause
ⓘ
surface form:
Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution
|
| country |
United States of America
ⓘ
surface form:
United States
|
| court | Supreme Court of the United States ⓘ |
| decisionDate | 1986-04-30 ⓘ |
| dissentBy | William H. Rehnquist ⓘ |
| effect |
limited racially discriminatory use of peremptory challenges
ⓘ
reshaped jury selection practices nationwide ⓘ |
| fullName | Batson v. Kentucky self-link ⓘ |
| holding |
A defendant may establish a prima facie case of purposeful racial discrimination in jury selection based solely on the prosecutor’s use of peremptory challenges at the defendant’s trial
ⓘ
Prosecutors may not use peremptory challenges to exclude jurors solely on the basis of race ⓘ |
| joinedByInMajority |
Byron R. White
ⓘ
Harry A. Blackmun ⓘ John Paul Stevens ⓘ Sandra Day O’Connor ⓘ Thurgood Marshall ⓘ Warren E. Burger ⓘ William J. Brennan Jr. ⓘ |
| keyConcept |
peremptory challenge
ⓘ
prima facie case of discrimination ⓘ race-neutral explanation requirement ⓘ |
| laterExtendedBy |
Edmonson v. Leesville Concrete Co.
ⓘ
Georgia v. McCollum ⓘ J.E.B. v. Alabama ex rel. T.B. ⓘ Powers v. Ohio ⓘ |
| legalRule |
Once a defendant makes a prima facie showing of racial discrimination in peremptory strikes, the burden shifts to the prosecutor to offer race-neutral explanations
ⓘ
Trial courts must determine whether the defendant has proven purposeful discrimination after the prosecutor offers race-neutral reasons ⓘ |
| majorityOpinionBy | Lewis F. Powell Jr. ⓘ |
| originatingJurisdiction | Kentucky ⓘ |
| overruledPrecedent | Swain v. Alabama ⓘ |
| overruledPrecedentInPart | Swain v. Alabama ⓘ |
| petitioner | James Kirkland Batson ⓘ |
| reporter | United States Reports ⓘ |
| respondent |
Kentucky
ⓘ
surface form:
Commonwealth of Kentucky
|
| standardCreated |
Batson v. Kentucky
self-linksurface differs
ⓘ
surface form:
Batson challenge
|
| subjectMatter | racial discrimination in jury selection ⓘ |
| volume | 476 ⓘ |
| year | 1986 ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Batson v. Kentucky Description of subject: Batson v. Kentucky is a landmark 1986 U.S. Supreme Court case that held prosecutors may not use peremptory challenges to exclude jurors solely on the basis of race, reshaping jury selection practices nationwide.
Referenced by (3)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
subject surface form:
Sixth Amendment to the United States Constitution
this entity surface form:
Batson challenge