Julian the Apostate
E195460
Julian the Apostate was a 4th-century Roman emperor known for his attempt to restore paganism and roll back the spread of Christianity in the Roman Empire.
All labels observed (7)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Julian the Apostate canonical | 8 |
| Julian | 7 |
| Emperor Julian | 3 |
| Flavius Claudius Julianus | 1 |
| Julian (later Emperor Julian) | 1 |
| Julian (later emperor Julian the Apostate) | 1 |
| emperor Julian | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T1761605 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Julian the Apostate Context triple: [Caesar (imperial title), heldBy, Julian the Apostate]
-
A.
Julian
Julian is a masculine given name of Latin origin, commonly used in many English-speaking and European countries.
-
B.
Julian March
Julian March is a historically contested border region in northeastern Italy and parts of present-day Slovenia and Croatia, known for its mixed ethnic population and disputes between Italy and Yugoslavia in the 20th century.
-
C.
Herodian
Herodian refers to a member of the Herodian dynasty, the ruling family of client kings in Judea and surrounding regions during the late Second Temple period under Roman authority.
-
D.
Aurelius of Carthage
Aurelius of Carthage was a prominent early 5th-century bishop and church leader known for his influential role in shaping Western Christian doctrine and church discipline in North Africa.
-
E.
Flavius
Flavius is a common Roman praenomen and family name frequently borne by late Roman emperors and officials, including Romulus Augustulus.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Julian the Apostate Target entity description: Julian the Apostate was a 4th-century Roman emperor known for his attempt to restore paganism and roll back the spread of Christianity in the Roman Empire.
-
A.
Julian
Julian is a masculine given name of Latin origin, commonly used in many English-speaking and European countries.
-
B.
Julian March
Julian March is a historically contested border region in northeastern Italy and parts of present-day Slovenia and Croatia, known for its mixed ethnic population and disputes between Italy and Yugoslavia in the 20th century.
-
C.
Herodian
Herodian refers to a member of the Herodian dynasty, the ruling family of client kings in Judea and surrounding regions during the late Second Temple period under Roman authority.
-
D.
Aurelius of Carthage
Aurelius of Carthage was a prominent early 5th-century bishop and church leader known for his influential role in shaping Western Christian doctrine and church discipline in North Africa.
-
E.
Flavius
Flavius is a common Roman praenomen and family name frequently borne by late Roman emperors and officials, including Romulus Augustulus.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (60)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
Roman consul
ⓘ
Roman emperor ⓘ Roman pagan ⓘ nephew of Constantine the Great ⓘ orator ⓘ philosopher ⓘ writer ⓘ |
| acclaimedAugustusBy | Gallic troops at Lutetia ⓘ |
| alsoKnownAs |
Julian II
ⓘ
Julianus Apostata ⓘ |
| appointedCaesarBy | Constantius II ⓘ |
| attemptedProject | rebuilding the Jewish Temple in Jerusalem ⓘ |
| battle | Battle of Argentoratum ⓘ |
| birthDate | c. 331 ⓘ |
| birthPlace |
Constantinople (probable)
ⓘ
surface form:
Constantinople
|
| burialPlace | Tarsus ⓘ |
| campaign |
Battle of Ctesiphon (363)
ⓘ
surface form:
Persian campaign of 363
|
| causeOfDeath | wounds received in battle ⓘ |
| citizenship | Roman citizen ⓘ |
| deathDate | 26 June 363 ⓘ |
| deathPlace | near Samarra, Mesopotamia ⓘ |
| dynasty | Constantinian dynasty ⓘ |
| education |
studied in Athens
ⓘ
studied in Nicomedia ⓘ |
| epithet | the Apostate ⓘ |
| epithetMeaning | one who abandoned Christianity ⓘ |
| era | Late Antiquity ⓘ |
| father | Julius Constantius ⓘ |
| fullName |
Julian the Apostate
self-linksurface differs
ⓘ
surface form:
Flavius Claudius Julianus
|
| governedAsCaesar | Gaul ⓘ |
| knownFor |
attempt to restore traditional Roman paganism
ⓘ
military campaigns against the Sasanian Empire ⓘ opposition to Christianity ⓘ philosophical writings ⓘ religious reforms favoring pagan cults ⓘ |
| language | Greek ⓘ |
| mother | Basilina ⓘ |
| philosophicalSchool | Neoplatonism ⓘ |
| policy |
attempted to restore pagan temples and sacrifices
ⓘ
issued edicts restricting Christian privileges ⓘ promoted religious toleration among non-Christians ⓘ |
| predecessor | Constantius II ⓘ |
| raisedAs | Christian ⓘ |
| regionRuled | Roman Empire ⓘ |
| reignAs | Roman emperor ⓘ |
| reignEnd | 26 June 363 ⓘ |
| reignStart | February 360 ⓘ |
| religion | paganism ⓘ |
| spouse | Helena ⓘ |
| spouseRelation | daughter of Constantine the Great ⓘ |
| successor | Jovian ⓘ |
| teacher |
Libanius
ⓘ
Maximus of Ephesus ⓘ |
| title |
Augustus
ⓘ
Caesar ⓘ |
| victory | Battle of Argentoratum ⓘ |
| wroteWork |
Against the Galileans
ⓘ
Hymn to King Helios ⓘ Hymn to the Mother of the Gods ⓘ Misopogon ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Julian the Apostate Description of subject: Julian the Apostate was a 4th-century Roman emperor known for his attempt to restore paganism and roll back the spread of Christianity in the Roman Empire.
Referenced by (22)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
this entity surface form:
Julian
this entity surface form:
Emperor Julian
this entity surface form:
Emperor Julian
this entity surface form:
Emperor Julian
this entity surface form:
Julian
this entity surface form:
emperor Julian
this entity surface form:
Julian
this entity surface form:
Julian
this entity surface form:
Julian
this entity surface form:
Flavius Claudius Julianus
this entity surface form:
Julian (later emperor Julian the Apostate)
this entity surface form:
Julian