Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education
E188450
Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education is a landmark 1971 U.S. Supreme Court case that upheld the use of busing and broad equitable powers by federal courts to achieve racial desegregation in public schools.
All labels observed (2)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education canonical | 7 |
| Swann et al. v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education et al. | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T1567510 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education Context triple: [Milliken v. Bradley, relatedTo, Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education]
-
A.
Jackson v. Birmingham Board of Education
Jackson v. Birmingham Board of Education is a landmark U.S. Supreme Court case that held individuals are protected from retaliation when they complain about sex discrimination in educational programs receiving federal funding.
-
B.
Cumming v. Richmond County Board of Education
Cumming v. Richmond County Board of Education was an 1899 U.S. Supreme Court decision that upheld racial segregation in public education by allowing a Georgia county to close a Black high school while maintaining white schools, reinforcing the “separate but equal” doctrine later challenged in Brown v. Board of Education.
-
C.
Green v. County School Board of New Kent County
Green v. County School Board of New Kent County is a landmark 1968 U.S. Supreme Court decision that strengthened school desegregation by rejecting ineffective “freedom-of-choice” plans and requiring proactive steps to dismantle dual school systems.
-
D.
Davis v. County School Board of Prince Edward County
Davis v. County School Board of Prince Edward County was a landmark civil rights case challenging racial segregation in Virginia’s public schools that became one of the five cases consolidated into the U.S. Supreme Court’s Brown v. Board of Education decision.
-
E.
Meredith v. Jefferson County Board of Education
Meredith v. Jefferson County Board of Education was a U.S. Supreme Court case challenging the use of race in public school student assignment plans as part of broader litigation over voluntary school desegregation.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education Target entity description: Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education is a landmark 1971 U.S. Supreme Court case that upheld the use of busing and broad equitable powers by federal courts to achieve racial desegregation in public schools.
-
A.
Jackson v. Birmingham Board of Education
Jackson v. Birmingham Board of Education is a landmark U.S. Supreme Court case that held individuals are protected from retaliation when they complain about sex discrimination in educational programs receiving federal funding.
-
B.
Cumming v. Richmond County Board of Education
Cumming v. Richmond County Board of Education was an 1899 U.S. Supreme Court decision that upheld racial segregation in public education by allowing a Georgia county to close a Black high school while maintaining white schools, reinforcing the “separate but equal” doctrine later challenged in Brown v. Board of Education.
-
C.
Green v. County School Board of New Kent County
Green v. County School Board of New Kent County is a landmark 1968 U.S. Supreme Court decision that strengthened school desegregation by rejecting ineffective “freedom-of-choice” plans and requiring proactive steps to dismantle dual school systems.
-
D.
Davis v. County School Board of Prince Edward County
Davis v. County School Board of Prince Edward County was a landmark civil rights case challenging racial segregation in Virginia’s public schools that became one of the five cases consolidated into the U.S. Supreme Court’s Brown v. Board of Education decision.
-
E.
Meredith v. Jefferson County Board of Education
Meredith v. Jefferson County Board of Education was a U.S. Supreme Court case challenging the use of race in public school student assignment plans as part of broader litigation over voluntary school desegregation.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (47)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
United States Supreme Court case
ⓘ
civil rights case ⓘ landmark school desegregation case ⓘ |
| areaOfLaw |
constitutional law
ⓘ
equal protection ⓘ |
| arguedDate |
1970-10-12
ⓘ
1970-10-13 ⓘ |
| category |
United States Supreme Court case decided by the Burger Court
ⓘ
United States school desegregation case ⓘ |
| chiefJusticeAtDecision | Warren E. Burger ⓘ |
| citation | 402 U.S. 1 ⓘ |
| constitutionalProvision |
Fourteenth Amendment
ⓘ
surface form:
Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution
|
| court | Supreme Court of the United States ⓘ |
| decisionDate | 1971-04-20 ⓘ |
| decisionType | unanimous decision ⓘ |
| fullName |
Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education
self-linksurface differs
ⓘ
surface form:
Swann et al. v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education et al.
|
| holding |
Busing of students can be a permissible tool to achieve school desegregation.
ⓘ
Federal district courts have broad equitable powers to remedy past racial segregation in public schools. ⓘ Racially balanced or racially mixed schools may be required as a remedial measure in some circumstances. ⓘ |
| impact |
Became a central precedent in later school desegregation litigation.
ⓘ
Expanded the authority of federal courts to order comprehensive desegregation plans. ⓘ Legitimized widespread use of busing as a desegregation remedy in the 1970s. ⓘ |
| jurisdiction |
United States of America
ⓘ
surface form:
United States
|
| legalIssue |
school desegregation
ⓘ
scope of federal courts’ equitable powers ⓘ use of busing to remedy racial segregation ⓘ |
| location |
Charlotte, North Carolina
ⓘ
surface form:
Charlotte-Mecklenburg, North Carolina
|
| majorityOpinionBy |
Warren E. Burger
ⓘ
surface form:
Chief Justice Warren E. Burger
|
| page | 1 ⓘ |
| parties |
Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education
ⓘ
James E. Swann et al. ⓘ |
| precedentStatus | good law as of early 21st century ⓘ |
| relatedTo |
Brown v. Board of Education
ⓘ
Green v. County School Board of New Kent County ⓘ Keyes v. School District No. 1 ⓘ |
| remedy |
alteration of attendance zones
ⓘ
busing of students to achieve racial balance ⓘ student reassignments across school zones ⓘ use of racial ratios as a starting point in desegregation plans ⓘ |
| reporter | United States Reports ⓘ |
| shortName | Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education self-link ⓘ |
| topic |
busing for school integration
ⓘ
federal judicial power over local school systems ⓘ remedies for de jure segregation ⓘ |
| volume | 402 ⓘ |
| vote | 9-0 ⓘ |
| year | 1971 ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education Description of subject: Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education is a landmark 1971 U.S. Supreme Court case that upheld the use of busing and broad equitable powers by federal courts to achieve racial desegregation in public schools.
Referenced by (8)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
subject surface form:
Milliken v. Bradley (1974)
Green v. County School Board of New Kent County
→
precedentOf
→
Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education
ⓘ
Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education
→
fullName
→
Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education
self-linksurface differs
ⓘ
this entity surface form:
Swann et al. v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education et al.
Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education
→
shortName
→
Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education
self-link
ⓘ