Triple

T1567510
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Milliken v. Bradley E33464 entity
Predicate relatedTo P37 FINISHED
Object Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education
Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education is a landmark 1971 U.S. Supreme Court case that upheld the use of busing and broad equitable powers by federal courts to achieve racial desegregation in public schools.
E188450 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education | Statement: [Milliken v. Bradley, relatedTo, Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education
Context triple: [Milliken v. Bradley, relatedTo, Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education]
  • A. Jackson v. Birmingham Board of Education
    Jackson v. Birmingham Board of Education is a landmark U.S. Supreme Court case that held individuals are protected from retaliation when they complain about sex discrimination in educational programs receiving federal funding.
  • B. Cumming v. Richmond County Board of Education
    Cumming v. Richmond County Board of Education was an 1899 U.S. Supreme Court decision that upheld racial segregation in public education by allowing a Georgia county to close a Black high school while maintaining white schools, reinforcing the “separate but equal” doctrine later challenged in Brown v. Board of Education.
  • C. Green v. County School Board of New Kent County
    Green v. County School Board of New Kent County is a landmark 1968 U.S. Supreme Court decision that strengthened school desegregation by rejecting ineffective “freedom-of-choice” plans and requiring proactive steps to dismantle dual school systems.
  • D. Davis v. County School Board of Prince Edward County
    Davis v. County School Board of Prince Edward County was a landmark civil rights case challenging racial segregation in Virginia’s public schools that became one of the five cases consolidated into the U.S. Supreme Court’s Brown v. Board of Education decision.
  • E. Meredith v. Jefferson County Board of Education
    Meredith v. Jefferson County Board of Education was a U.S. Supreme Court case challenging the use of race in public school student assignment plans as part of broader litigation over voluntary school desegregation.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education
Triple: [Milliken v. Bradley, relatedTo, Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education]
Generated description
Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education is a landmark 1971 U.S. Supreme Court case that upheld the use of busing and broad equitable powers by federal courts to achieve racial desegregation in public schools.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education
Target entity description: Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education is a landmark 1971 U.S. Supreme Court case that upheld the use of busing and broad equitable powers by federal courts to achieve racial desegregation in public schools.
  • A. Jackson v. Birmingham Board of Education
    Jackson v. Birmingham Board of Education is a landmark U.S. Supreme Court case that held individuals are protected from retaliation when they complain about sex discrimination in educational programs receiving federal funding.
  • B. Cumming v. Richmond County Board of Education
    Cumming v. Richmond County Board of Education was an 1899 U.S. Supreme Court decision that upheld racial segregation in public education by allowing a Georgia county to close a Black high school while maintaining white schools, reinforcing the “separate but equal” doctrine later challenged in Brown v. Board of Education.
  • C. Green v. County School Board of New Kent County
    Green v. County School Board of New Kent County is a landmark 1968 U.S. Supreme Court decision that strengthened school desegregation by rejecting ineffective “freedom-of-choice” plans and requiring proactive steps to dismantle dual school systems.
  • D. Davis v. County School Board of Prince Edward County
    Davis v. County School Board of Prince Edward County was a landmark civil rights case challenging racial segregation in Virginia’s public schools that became one of the five cases consolidated into the U.S. Supreme Court’s Brown v. Board of Education decision.
  • E. Meredith v. Jefferson County Board of Education
    Meredith v. Jefferson County Board of Education was a U.S. Supreme Court case challenging the use of race in public school student assignment plans as part of broader litigation over voluntary school desegregation.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69a885f11b048190935025a035302715 completed March 4, 2026, 7:20 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69a908a0314c8190a5ce3e32dd9035db completed March 5, 2026, 4:37 a.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69ad68079e448190b71c2cd194abeb86 completed March 8, 2026, 12:13 p.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69ad68b5e934819086a8383b4f0b8ab5 completed March 8, 2026, 12:16 p.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69ad691acb8481908687f640e9f632ea completed March 8, 2026, 12:18 p.m.
Created at: March 4, 2026, 7:27 p.m.