Keyes v. School District No. 1
E710181
Keyes v. School District No. 1 is a landmark 1973 U.S. Supreme Court case that extended school desegregation principles to northern and western districts by recognizing de facto segregation as unconstitutional when caused by intentional discriminatory actions.
All labels observed (1)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Keyes v. School District No. 1 canonical | 1 |
Statements (48)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
United States Supreme Court case
ⓘ
landmark school desegregation case ⓘ |
| areaOfLaw |
civil rights law
ⓘ
constitutional law ⓘ education law ⓘ |
| arguedDate | October 12, 1972 ⓘ |
| citation | 413 U.S. 189 ⓘ |
| country |
United States of America
ⓘ
surface form:
United States
|
| court | Supreme Court of the United States ⓘ |
| decisionDate | June 21, 1973 ⓘ |
| dissentBy |
Justice Lewis F. Powell Jr.
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
Justice William H. Rehnquist NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| docketNumber | No. 71-507 ⓘ |
| factPattern | challenged racially segregated schools in Denver allegedly created by school board policies such as gerrymandered attendance zones and school site selection ⓘ |
| fullName | Keyes v. School District No. 1, Denver, Colorado NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| geographicScope |
northern United States school districts
ⓘ
western United States school districts ⓘ |
| holding |
A finding of intentional segregation in a meaningful portion of a school system creates a presumption that segregation in the entire system is unlawful
ⓘ
De facto segregation caused by intentional discriminatory actions by school authorities violates the Equal Protection Clause ⓘ Once intentional segregation is shown in a substantial part of a district, the burden shifts to the school authorities to prove that other segregation is not also the result of intentional discrimination ⓘ |
| joinedByInMajority |
Chief Justice Warren E. Burger
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
Justice Byron R. White NERFINISHED ⓘ Justice Harry A. Blackmun NERFINISHED ⓘ Justice Potter Stewart NERFINISHED ⓘ Justice Thurgood Marshall NERFINISHED ⓘ Justice William O. Douglas NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| jurisdiction |
United States of America
ⓘ
surface form:
United States
|
| languageOfProceedings | English ⓘ |
| legalIssue |
Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
school desegregation ⓘ |
| locationOfDispute | Denver, Colorado NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| majorityOpinionBy | Justice William J. Brennan Jr. NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| petitioner | Wilfred Keyes NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| relatedCase |
Brown v. Board of Education
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
Milliken v. Bradley NERFINISHED ⓘ Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| relatedConstitutionalProvision | Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| relatedDoctrine |
Equal protection
ⓘ
de facto segregation ⓘ de jure segregation ⓘ |
| remedyType | school desegregation orders ⓘ |
| respondent | School District No. 1, Denver, Colorado NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| significance |
established a framework for proving systemwide intentional segregation in urban school districts
ⓘ
extended school desegregation principles beyond the South ⓘ recognized that intentional actions by school boards creating or maintaining racial segregation are unconstitutional even without explicit segregation statutes ⓘ |
| subsequentImpact |
clarified evidentiary burdens in proving intentional school segregation
ⓘ
influenced later litigation over urban school desegregation outside the South ⓘ |
| timePeriod | 1970s ⓘ |
Referenced by (1)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.