Richard Loving
E106704
Richard Loving was a white American man whose interracial marriage and subsequent legal battle led to the landmark 1967 U.S. Supreme Court decision in Loving v. Virginia, which struck down laws banning interracial marriage.
All labels observed (2)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Richard Loving canonical | 3 |
| Richard Perry Loving | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T891119 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Richard Loving Context triple: [Loving v. Virginia, petitioner, Richard Loving]
-
A.
Mildred Loving
Mildred Loving was an African American and Native American woman whose interracial marriage and subsequent legal challenge led to the landmark 1967 U.S. Supreme Court decision in Loving v. Virginia, which struck down laws banning interracial marriage.
-
B.
John H. Lawrence
John H. Lawrence was an American physician and physicist known as a pioneer of nuclear medicine for his early use of radioactive isotopes in diagnosis and treatment.
-
C.
James Obergefell
James Obergefell is an American civil rights activist whose lawsuit for marriage equality led to the landmark 2015 U.S. Supreme Court decision legalizing same-sex marriage nationwide.
-
D.
Loving v. Virginia
Loving v. Virginia is a landmark 1967 U.S. Supreme Court decision that struck down state laws banning interracial marriage, affirming marriage as a fundamental right under the Fourteenth Amendment.
-
E.
William P. Frye
William P. Frye was an American politician and long-serving U.S. Senator from Maine who played a prominent role in late 19th- and early 20th-century national politics.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Richard Loving Target entity description: Richard Loving was a white American man whose interracial marriage and subsequent legal battle led to the landmark 1967 U.S. Supreme Court decision in Loving v. Virginia, which struck down laws banning interracial marriage.
-
A.
Mildred Loving
Mildred Loving was an African American and Native American woman whose interracial marriage and subsequent legal challenge led to the landmark 1967 U.S. Supreme Court decision in Loving v. Virginia, which struck down laws banning interracial marriage.
-
B.
John H. Lawrence
John H. Lawrence was an American physician and physicist known as a pioneer of nuclear medicine for his early use of radioactive isotopes in diagnosis and treatment.
-
C.
James Obergefell
James Obergefell is an American civil rights activist whose lawsuit for marriage equality led to the landmark 2015 U.S. Supreme Court decision legalizing same-sex marriage nationwide.
-
D.
Loving v. Virginia
Loving v. Virginia is a landmark 1967 U.S. Supreme Court decision that struck down state laws banning interracial marriage, affirming marriage as a fundamental right under the Fourteenth Amendment.
-
E.
William P. Frye
William P. Frye was an American politician and long-serving U.S. Senator from Maine who played a prominent role in late 19th- and early 20th-century national politics.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (46)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
civil rights figure
ⓘ
litigant ⓘ person ⓘ |
| arrestedFor | violating Virginia’s Racial Integrity Act of 1924 ⓘ |
| associatedWith | civil rights movement in the United States ⓘ |
| burialPlace | Saint Stephen’s Baptist Church Cemetery, Central Point, Virginia, United States ⓘ |
| causeOfDeath | car accident ⓘ |
| causeOfFame | U.S. Supreme Court ruling that invalidated state laws prohibiting interracial marriage ⓘ |
| child |
Sidney Loving
ⓘ
surface form:
Donald Loving
Peggy Loving ⓘ Sidney Loving ⓘ |
| citizenship | United States of America ⓘ |
| coLitigant | Mildred Loving ⓘ |
| constitutionalIssue |
Due Process Clause
ⓘ
surface form:
Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution
Equal Protection Clause ⓘ
surface form:
Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution
|
| countryOfLegalCase | United States of America ⓘ |
| dateOfBirth | 1933-10-29 ⓘ |
| dateOfDeath | 1975-06-29 ⓘ |
| dateOfMarriage | 1958-06-02 ⓘ |
| defendantIn | Loving v. Virginia ⓘ |
| ethnicity | white American ⓘ |
| familyName | Loving ⓘ |
| fullName |
Richard Loving
self-linksurface differs
ⓘ
surface form:
Richard Perry Loving
|
| givenName | Richard ⓘ |
| influenced | later legal and social acceptance of interracial relationships in the United States ⓘ |
| knownFor |
being a party in Loving v. Virginia
ⓘ
challenging anti-miscegenation laws in the United States ⓘ |
| legacy | expanded legal protection for interracial marriage in the United States ⓘ |
| legalCase | Loving v. Virginia ⓘ |
| legalOutcome | Loving v. Virginia decision struck down state bans on interracial marriage ⓘ |
| marriageType | interracial marriage ⓘ |
| notableWork | Loving v. Virginia ⓘ |
| numberOfChildren | 3 ⓘ |
| occupation | construction worker ⓘ |
| placeOfBirth |
Caroline County, Virginia
ⓘ
surface form:
Caroline County, Virginia, United States
|
| placeOfDeath |
Caroline County, Virginia
ⓘ
surface form:
Caroline County, Virginia, United States
|
| placeOfMarriage |
Washington, D.C.
ⓘ
surface form:
Washington, D.C., United States
|
| race | white ⓘ |
| religion | Christianity ⓘ |
| representedBy | American Civil Liberties Union ⓘ |
| residence | Central Point, Caroline County, Virginia, United States ⓘ |
| sexOrGender | male ⓘ |
| spouse | Mildred Loving ⓘ |
| spouseEthnicity | African American and Native American (Mildred Loving) ⓘ |
| supremeCourtCaseResult | anti-miscegenation laws declared unconstitutional under the Fourteenth Amendment ⓘ |
| yearOfLandmarkDecision | 1967 ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Richard Loving Description of subject: Richard Loving was a white American man whose interracial marriage and subsequent legal battle led to the landmark 1967 U.S. Supreme Court decision in Loving v. Virginia, which struck down laws banning interracial marriage.
Referenced by (4)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
this entity surface form:
Richard Perry Loving