Gondwana

E102656

Gondwana was a vast ancient supercontinent in the Southern Hemisphere that included present-day South America, Africa, Antarctica, Australia, the Indian subcontinent, and the Arabian Peninsula.

All labels observed (13)

How this entity was disambiguated

Statements (61)

Predicate Object
instanceOf paleocontinent
supercontinent
alsoKnownAs Gondwana
surface form: Gondwanaland
associatedWithOrogeny Kuunga orogeny
surface form: Gondwanide orogeny

Pan-African orogeny
beganRiftingApproximately c. 180 million years ago
beganRiftingDuring Jurassic Period
brokeUpInto Africa
Antarctica
Arabian Plate
Australia
India Plate
surface form: Indian Plate

South America
containsFossilFauna Lystrosaurus
Mesosaurus
containsFossilFlora Gondwanan flora
surface form: Glossopteris
existedFrom late Neoproterozoic
existedUntil early Cenozoic in fragmented form
formedApproximately 600 million years ago
c. 600–550 million years ago
formedDuring Neoproterozoic Era
fullyFragmentedBy Cretaceous
surface form: Cretaceous Period
geologicalEvidence correlated rock formations across member continents
glacial striations and tillites
matching fossil assemblages across continents
importantFor continental drift hypothesis
plate tectonics theory
includedContinent Africa
Antarctica
Australia
South Asia
surface form: Indian subcontinent

South America
includedPresentDayCountry Antarctica
Argentina
Australia
Bolivia
Botswana
Brazil
Chile
Egypt
Ethiopia
India
Kenya
Madagascar
Namibia
New Zealand
Peru
Saudi Arabia
South Africa
Tanzania
includedRegion Arabian Peninsula
locatedInHemisphere Southern Hemisphere
namedAfter Gondwana self-linksurface differs
surface form: Gondwana region

Gondwana region of central India
namedBy Eduard Suess
opposedTo Laurasia
paleolatitude high southern latitudes
partOfSupercontinentCycle yes
positionWithinPangaea southern part
tectonicSetting southern part of Pangaea before breakup
wasMajorPartOf supercontinent Pangaea
surface form: Pangaea

How these facts were elicited

Referenced by (47)

Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.

Appalachian orogeny locatedOn Gondwana
Appalachian orogeny involvesPlate Gondwana
this entity surface form: Gondwanan plate
supercontinent Rodinia followedBy Gondwana
subject surface form: Rodinia
this entity surface form: Gondwana supercontinent
supercontinent Rodinia precedes Gondwana
subject surface form: Rodinia
supercontinent Pannotia alsoKnownAs Gondwana
subject surface form: Pannotia
this entity surface form: Greater Gondwana
supercontinent Pannotia brokeUpInto Gondwana
subject surface form: Pannotia
East Antarctic craton basement relatedTo Gondwana
this entity surface form: assembly of Gondwana
Devonian Period paleogeography Gondwana
this entity surface form: Gondwana supercontinent
Avalonia microcontinent separatedFrom Gondwana
this entity surface form: Gondwana margin
Betul historicalRegion Gondwana
Gonds historicalKingdom Gondwana
Gondwana Rainforests of Australia geologicalOrigin Gondwana
this entity surface form: Gondwana supercontinent
Gondwana alsoKnownAs Gondwana
this entity surface form: Gondwanaland
Gondwana namedAfter Gondwana self-linksurface differs
this entity surface form: Gondwana region
Laurentia riftedFrom Gondwana
Avalonia riftedFrom Gondwana
Avalonia separatedFrom Gondwana
Avalonia separatedByOceanFrom Gondwana
Middle Devonian associatedWith Gondwana
this entity surface form: Gondwanan continental landmasses
supercontinent Pangaea comprised Gondwana
subject surface form: Pangaea
Tethys Ocean locatedBetween Gondwana
Kalahari Craton wasPartOf Gondwana
this entity surface form: Gondwana supercontinent
proto-Africa relatedConcept Gondwana
subject surface form: Proto-Africa
proto-Africa followedBy Gondwana
subject surface form: Proto-Africa
this entity surface form: Gondwana assembly
Pannotia alsoKnownAs Gondwana
this entity surface form: Greater Gondwana
Pannotia followedBy Gondwana
Pannotia includedContinent Gondwana
this entity surface form: Gondwana core
Campbell Plateau riftedFrom Gondwana
Gondwanan flora originatedIn Gondwana
this entity surface form: supercontinent Gondwana
Age of Fishes paleogeography Gondwana
this entity surface form: supercontinent Gondwana
Zealandia microcontinent separatedFrom Gondwana
subject surface form: Zealandia
Late Ordovician glaciationLocation Gondwana
this entity surface form: Gondwana supercontinent
Marathon orogeny continent Gondwana
Miaolingian continentDistribution Gondwana
this entity surface form: Gondwanan terranes
Laurussia riftedFrom Gondwana
Laurussia relatedConcept Gondwana