Late Ordovician mass extinction
E397558
The Late Ordovician mass extinction was one of Earth’s largest biodiversity crises, during which severe climate change and glaciation led to the rapid loss of a substantial portion of marine species.
All labels observed (3)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Late Ordovician mass extinction canonical | 3 |
| Ordovician–Silurian extinction event | 1 |
| end-Ordovician mass extinction | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T3899050 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Late Ordovician mass extinction Context triple: [Ordovician Period, endedWith, Late Ordovician mass extinction]
-
A.
Late Devonian extinction
The Late Devonian extinction was a prolonged series of biodiversity crises around 375–359 million years ago that devastated marine life, especially reef ecosystems and armored fishes, and ranks among the largest mass extinctions in Earth’s history.
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B.
Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event
The Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event was a profound evolutionary radiation during the Ordovician Period that saw a dramatic increase in marine biodiversity and the establishment of many major animal groups in Paleozoic oceans.
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C.
Permian–Triassic mass extinction
The Permian–Triassic mass extinction was the most severe biodiversity crisis in Earth's history, wiping out the majority of marine and terrestrial species around 252 million years ago and marking the boundary between the Paleozoic and Mesozoic eras.
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D.
Capitanian (Guadalupian) mass extinction
The Capitanian (Guadalupian) mass extinction was a major mid-Permian biodiversity crisis that significantly reduced marine life and set the stage for the even larger end-Permian extinction.
-
E.
Triassic–Jurassic extinction event
The Triassic–Jurassic extinction event was a major mass extinction around 201 million years ago that wiped out many marine and terrestrial species, paving the way for dinosaurs to become the dominant land animals in the Jurassic Period.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Late Ordovician mass extinction Target entity description: The Late Ordovician mass extinction was one of Earth’s largest biodiversity crises, during which severe climate change and glaciation led to the rapid loss of a substantial portion of marine species.
-
A.
Late Devonian extinction
The Late Devonian extinction was a prolonged series of biodiversity crises around 375–359 million years ago that devastated marine life, especially reef ecosystems and armored fishes, and ranks among the largest mass extinctions in Earth’s history.
-
B.
Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event
The Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event was a profound evolutionary radiation during the Ordovician Period that saw a dramatic increase in marine biodiversity and the establishment of many major animal groups in Paleozoic oceans.
-
C.
Permian–Triassic mass extinction
The Permian–Triassic mass extinction was the most severe biodiversity crisis in Earth's history, wiping out the majority of marine and terrestrial species around 252 million years ago and marking the boundary between the Paleozoic and Mesozoic eras.
-
D.
Capitanian (Guadalupian) mass extinction
The Capitanian (Guadalupian) mass extinction was a major mid-Permian biodiversity crisis that significantly reduced marine life and set the stage for the even larger end-Permian extinction.
-
E.
Triassic–Jurassic extinction event
The Triassic–Jurassic extinction event was a major mass extinction around 201 million years ago that wiped out many marine and terrestrial species, paving the way for dinosaurs to become the dominant land animals in the Jurassic Period.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (49)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
biodiversity crisis
ⓘ
mass extinction event ⓘ paleontological event ⓘ |
| alsoKnownAs |
End-Ordovician mass extinction
ⓘ
Late Ordovician mass extinction ⓘ
surface form:
Ordovician–Silurian extinction event
|
| associatedWith |
Hirnantian glaciation
ⓘ
carbon isotope excursions ⓘ |
| cause |
climate change
ⓘ
glaciation ⓘ global cooling ⓘ oceanographic changes ⓘ sea-level fall ⓘ |
| consequence |
restructuring of marine ecosystems
ⓘ
turnover in dominant marine taxa ⓘ |
| considered | first of the Big Five mass extinctions ⓘ |
| duration | less than 2 million years ⓘ |
| estimatedGenusLoss | around 50 percent of marine genera ⓘ |
| estimatedSpeciesLoss | over 80 percent of marine species ⓘ |
| evidenceFrom |
fossil assemblages
ⓘ
isotopic data ⓘ stratigraphic records ⓘ |
| extinctionIntensity | high ⓘ |
| firstPulseAssociatedWith | onset of glaciation ⓘ |
| followedBy | Silurian biotic recovery ⓘ |
| geographicCenter | Gondwana ⓘ |
| impactOn | marine biodiversity structure ⓘ |
| linkedTo |
major sea-level regression
ⓘ
subsequent sea-level transgression ⓘ |
| notPrimarilyCausedBy |
large bolide impact
ⓘ
large igneous province volcanism ⓘ |
| occursIn |
Paleozoic Era
ⓘ
surface form:
Paleozoic era
|
| partOf |
Ordovician Period
ⓘ
surface form:
Ordovician period
|
| pattern | two main extinction pulses ⓘ |
| precededBy | Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event ⓘ |
| primarilyAffected | marine organisms ⓘ |
| rankedAmong | five largest mass extinctions in Earth history ⓘ |
| secondPulseAssociatedWith | glacial melting and environmental instability ⓘ |
| stronglyAffected |
brachiopods
ⓘ
bryozoans ⓘ conodonts ⓘ graptolites ⓘ reef-building organisms ⓘ trilobites ⓘ |
| studiedIn |
paleoclimatology
ⓘ
paleoecology ⓘ paleontology ⓘ |
| timeFrame | Late Ordovician ⓘ |
| timeInterval |
approximately 444 million years ago
ⓘ
approximately 445 million years ago ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Late Ordovician mass extinction Description of subject: The Late Ordovician mass extinction was one of Earth’s largest biodiversity crises, during which severe climate change and glaciation led to the rapid loss of a substantial portion of marine species.
Referenced by (5)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
this entity surface form:
Ordovician–Silurian extinction event
this entity surface form:
end-Ordovician mass extinction