Bakke
E99726
Bakke is the commonly used shorthand name for the landmark U.S. Supreme Court case Regents of the University of California v. Bakke, which addressed the constitutionality of race-based admissions policies in higher education.
All labels observed (1)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Bakke canonical | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T752798 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Bakke Context triple: [Regents of the University of California v. Bakke, shortName, Bakke]
-
A.
Winona
Winona is a historic river city in southeastern Minnesota known for its Mississippi River bluffs, cultural festivals, and regional educational institutions.
-
B.
Kay
Kay is a common diminutive or nickname for the given name Catherine.
-
C.
Lamar
Lamar is a surname most notably associated with Mirabeau B. Lamar, the second president of the Republic of Texas.
-
D.
Hayes
Hayes is a suburban district in southeast London, England, known for its residential character and green spaces within the London Borough of Bromley.
-
E.
Nilsen
Nilsen is a surname, primarily of Scandinavian origin, that serves as a variant spelling of Nelson.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Bakke Target entity description: Bakke is the commonly used shorthand name for the landmark U.S. Supreme Court case Regents of the University of California v. Bakke, which addressed the constitutionality of race-based admissions policies in higher education.
-
A.
Winona
Winona is a historic river city in southeastern Minnesota known for its Mississippi River bluffs, cultural festivals, and regional educational institutions.
-
B.
Kay
Kay is a common diminutive or nickname for the given name Catherine.
-
C.
Lamar
Lamar is a surname most notably associated with Mirabeau B. Lamar, the second president of the Republic of Texas.
-
D.
Hayes
Hayes is a suburban district in southeast London, England, known for its residential character and green spaces within the London Borough of Bromley.
-
E.
Nilsen
Nilsen is a surname, primarily of Scandinavian origin, that serves as a variant spelling of Nelson.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (45)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
United States Supreme Court case
ⓘ
landmark case ⓘ |
| areaOfLaw |
civil rights law
ⓘ
constitutional law ⓘ education law ⓘ |
| citation | 438 U.S. 265 ⓘ |
| constitutionalProvisionInterpreted |
Fourteenth Amendment
ⓘ
surface form:
Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution
|
| country |
United States of America
ⓘ
surface form:
United States
|
| court | Supreme Court of the United States ⓘ |
| decisionDate | 1978-06-28 ⓘ |
| decisionType | fragmented decision ⓘ |
| hasFullName | Regents of the University of California v. Bakke ⓘ |
| holding |
Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964
ⓘ
surface form:
Title VI of the Civil Rights Act is coextensive with the Equal Protection Clause in this context
race may be considered as one factor among others in admissions ⓘ strict racial quotas in admissions are unconstitutional ⓘ |
| impact |
established framework for affirmative action in higher education admissions
ⓘ
Fisher v. University of Texas at Austin ⓘ
surface form:
influenced later affirmative action cases such as Fisher v. University of Texas
Regents of the University of California v. Bakke ⓘ
surface form:
influenced later affirmative action cases such as Gratz v. Bollinger
Grutter v. Bollinger ⓘ
surface form:
influenced later affirmative action cases such as Grutter v. Bollinger
|
| jurisdiction |
United States of America
ⓘ
surface form:
United States
|
| languageOfRecord | English ⓘ |
| legalIssue |
constitutionality of racial quotas in university admissions
ⓘ
use of race as a factor in admissions decisions ⓘ |
| locationOfLowerCourt |
California, United States
ⓘ
surface form:
California
|
| lowerCourt | Supreme Court of California ⓘ |
| majorityOpinionBy | Lewis F. Powell Jr. ⓘ |
| namedAfter | Allan Bakke ⓘ |
| opinionType | plurality opinion ⓘ |
| pageInUnitedStatesReports | 265 ⓘ |
| party |
UC Davis Medical Center
ⓘ
surface form:
University of California, Davis School of Medicine
|
| petitioner |
University of California Board of Regents
ⓘ
surface form:
Regents of the University of California
|
| precedentStatus | binding precedent in U.S. federal courts ⓘ |
| respondent | Allan Bakke ⓘ |
| result |
Allan Bakke
ⓘ
surface form:
Allan Bakke ordered admitted to the University of California, Davis School of Medicine
|
| shortFor | Regents of the University of California v. Bakke ⓘ |
| statuteInterpreted | Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 ⓘ |
| subjectMatter |
Equal Protection Clause
ⓘ
surface form:
Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment
Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 ⓘ affirmative action in higher education ⓘ race-based admissions policies ⓘ |
| topic |
diversity in education
ⓘ
racial discrimination ⓘ university admissions ⓘ |
| volumeInUnitedStatesReports | 438 ⓘ |
| yearArgued | 1977 ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Bakke Description of subject: Bakke is the commonly used shorthand name for the landmark U.S. Supreme Court case Regents of the University of California v. Bakke, which addressed the constitutionality of race-based admissions policies in higher education.
Referenced by (1)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.