Northwestern Indo-Aryan languages

E87168

Indo-Aryan languages subgroup language subgroup

Northwestern Indo-Aryan languages are a subgroup of the Indo-Aryan branch of the Indo-European language family spoken primarily in northwestern parts of the Indian subcontinent, including languages such as Sindhi, Punjabi, and Lahnda.

Aliases (5)

Statements (48)

Predicate	Object
instanceOf	Indo-Aryan languages subgroup → language subgroup →
areSpokenBy	Indo-Aryan ethnic groups of northwestern South Asia →
classificationStatus	classification varies among linguists →
geographicRegion	Indus River basin NERFINISHED → Northwestern South Asia →
hasAlternativeName	North-Western Indo-Aryan languages → Northwestern Indo-Aryan → Northwestern zone (Indo-Aryan) →
hasNotableLanguage	Dogri → Hindko → Punjabi → Saraiki → Sindhi →
includesLanguage	Awankari → Bagri → Dogri → Hindko → Kangri → Kashmiri (in some classifications) → Khetrani → Lahnda → Mirpuri → Pahari–Pothwari → Pothwari → Punjabi → Saraiki → Shina (in some classifications) → Sindhi →
linguisticFeature	exhibit tonal contrasts in some languages such as Punjabi → often preserve older Indo-Aryan phonological features → show influence from Iranian languages →
partOf	Indo-Aryan branch → Indo-European language family →
relatedTo	Central Indo-Aryan languages → Dardic languages →
spokenIn	Afghanistan → India → Jammu and Kashmir NERFINISHED → Pakistan → Punjab region → Sindh → northwestern Indian subcontinent →
subclassOf	Indo-Aryan languages →
writingSystemUsed	Arabic script (for several languages) → Devanagari script (for some standardized forms) → Gurmukhi script (for Punjabi) → Shahmukhi script (for Punjabi and Lahnda varieties) →

Referenced by (12)

Subject (surface form when different)	Predicate
Northwestern Indo-Aryan languages ("North-Western Indo-Aryan languages") → Northwestern Indo-Aryan languages ("Northwestern zone (Indo-Aryan)") → Northwestern Indo-Aryan languages ("Northwestern Indo-Aryan") →	hasAlternativeName
Doabi dialect → Lari ("Northwestern Indo-Aryan") → Majhi dialect →	languageBranch
Lasi ("Northwestern Indo-Aryan") → Sindhi →	languageFamilyBranch
Dhundhari ("Western Indo-Aryan languages") →	belongsTo
Fijian languages ("Hindustani languages") →	influencedBy
Khetrani →	partOf
Lahnda →	subclassOf