Western Schism

Target entity: Western Schism
Context triple: [Avignon Papacy, followedBy, Western Schism]

• A. East–West Schism
  The East–West Schism was the 1054 split between the Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox Churches, driven by long-standing theological, political, and cultural disputes that permanently divided Western and Eastern Christianity.
• B. Investiture Controversy
  The Investiture Controversy was an 11th–12th century power struggle between the papacy and secular rulers over who held the authority to appoint bishops and other high church officials.
• C. Avignon Papacy
  The Avignon Papacy was a period in the 14th century when the popes resided in Avignon rather than Rome, significantly shaping medieval church politics and contributing to later crises like the Western Schism.
• D. Photian Schism
  The Photian Schism was a 9th-century ecclesiastical dispute between the Eastern and Western Christian churches centered on the contested patriarchate of Constantinople and papal authority, foreshadowing the later East–West Schism.
• E. Schmalkaldic War
  The Schmalkaldic War was a mid-16th-century conflict in the Holy Roman Empire between Emperor Charles V and the Protestant Schmalkaldic League, marking a key early clash in the broader European wars of religion.
• F. None of above. chosen
• G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.

Target entity: Western Schism
Target entity description: The Western Schism was a prolonged split within the Catholic Church (1378–1417) during which multiple rival claimants to the papacy simultaneously asserted their legitimacy, deeply dividing Christendom.

• A. East–West Schism
  The East–West Schism was the 1054 split between the Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox Churches, driven by long-standing theological, political, and cultural disputes that permanently divided Western and Eastern Christianity.
• B. Investiture Controversy
  The Investiture Controversy was an 11th–12th century power struggle between the papacy and secular rulers over who held the authority to appoint bishops and other high church officials.
• C. Avignon Papacy
  The Avignon Papacy was a period in the 14th century when the popes resided in Avignon rather than Rome, significantly shaping medieval church politics and contributing to later crises like the Western Schism.
• D. Photian Schism
  The Photian Schism was a 9th-century ecclesiastical dispute between the Eastern and Western Christian churches centered on the contested patriarchate of Constantinople and papal authority, foreshadowing the later East–West Schism.
• E. Schmalkaldic War
  The Schmalkaldic War was a mid-16th-century conflict in the Holy Roman Empire between Emperor Charles V and the Protestant Schmalkaldic League, marking a key early clash in the broader European wars of religion.
• F. None of above. chosen