A Relation between Distance and Radial Velocity among Extra-Galactic Nebulae
E261927
"A Relation between Distance and Radial Velocity among Extra-Galactic Nebulae" is Edwin Hubble’s landmark 1929 paper that established the linear relationship between galaxies’ distances and their recessional velocities, providing the first strong evidence for the expanding universe.
All labels observed (6)
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T2389091 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: A Relation between Distance and Radial Velocity among Extra-Galactic Nebulae Context triple: [Edwin Hubble, notableWork, A Relation between Distance and Radial Velocity among Extra-Galactic Nebulae]
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A.
Tolman surface brightness test
The Tolman surface brightness test is an observational cosmology method that checks whether the universe is expanding by examining how the surface brightness of distant galaxies diminishes with redshift.
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B.
Faber–Jackson relation paper
The Faber–Jackson relation paper is a landmark astrophysics publication that established a correlation between the luminosity and stellar velocity dispersion of elliptical galaxies, providing key insights into their structure and evolution.
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C.
Zwicky catalog of galaxies
The Zwicky catalog of galaxies is an influential astronomical catalog compiled by Swiss astronomer Fritz Zwicky that systematically lists and classifies thousands of galaxies and galaxy clusters.
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D.
On the Relations between the Spectra and Other Characteristics of the Stars
"On the Relations between the Spectra and Other Characteristics of the Stars" is a landmark 1914 paper by Henry Norris Russell that helped establish the relationship between stellar spectral type, luminosity, and other properties, laying groundwork for the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram and modern stellar astrophysics.
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E.
The Motion of Stars
The Motion of Stars is a 1910 silent short film directed by D.W. Griffith that explores astronomical themes through early cinematic techniques.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: A Relation between Distance and Radial Velocity among Extra-Galactic Nebulae Target entity description: "A Relation between Distance and Radial Velocity among Extra-Galactic Nebulae" is Edwin Hubble’s landmark 1929 paper that established the linear relationship between galaxies’ distances and their recessional velocities, providing the first strong evidence for the expanding universe.
-
A.
Tolman surface brightness test
The Tolman surface brightness test is an observational cosmology method that checks whether the universe is expanding by examining how the surface brightness of distant galaxies diminishes with redshift.
-
B.
Faber–Jackson relation paper
The Faber–Jackson relation paper is a landmark astrophysics publication that established a correlation between the luminosity and stellar velocity dispersion of elliptical galaxies, providing key insights into their structure and evolution.
-
C.
Zwicky catalog of galaxies
The Zwicky catalog of galaxies is an influential astronomical catalog compiled by Swiss astronomer Fritz Zwicky that systematically lists and classifies thousands of galaxies and galaxy clusters.
-
D.
On the Relations between the Spectra and Other Characteristics of the Stars
"On the Relations between the Spectra and Other Characteristics of the Stars" is a landmark 1914 paper by Henry Norris Russell that helped establish the relationship between stellar spectral type, luminosity, and other properties, laying groundwork for the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram and modern stellar astrophysics.
-
E.
The Motion of Stars
The Motion of Stars is a 1910 silent short film directed by D.W. Griffith that explores astronomical themes through early cinematic techniques.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (42)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
astronomy paper
ⓘ
scientific paper ⓘ |
| alsoKnownAs |
A Relation between Distance and Radial Velocity among Extra-Galactic Nebulae
ⓘ
surface form:
Hubble 1929 paper
A Relation between Distance and Radial Velocity among Extra-Galactic Nebulae ⓘ
surface form:
Hubble’s 1929 distance–velocity paper
|
| assumes | redshifts correspond to recessional velocities ⓘ |
| author | Edwin Hubble ⓘ |
| basedOnObservationsAt | Mount Wilson Observatory ⓘ |
| chronologyWithinField | early 20th-century cosmology paper ⓘ |
| citationStyleTitle | A Relation between Distance and Radial Velocity among Extra-Galactic Nebulae self-link ⓘ |
| citedAs | foundational paper in modern cosmology ⓘ |
| concludes | more distant galaxies have larger recessional velocities ⓘ |
| contributionTo | observational cosmology ⓘ |
| countryOfPublication |
United States of America
ⓘ
surface form:
United States
|
| dataTypeUsed |
distance estimates
ⓘ
radial velocities ⓘ |
| estimates | proportionality between distance and radial velocity ⓘ |
| field |
astronomy
ⓘ
cosmology ⓘ |
| focusesOn | relation between distance and radial velocity ⓘ |
| hasAuthorSurname | Hubble ⓘ |
| historicalSignificance | first strong observational evidence for expanding universe ⓘ |
| impactOn | acceptance of galaxies as separate “island universes” ⓘ |
| influenced | Big Bang cosmology ⓘ |
| introducesConcept |
Lemaître–Hubble law
ⓘ
surface form:
Hubble–Lemaître law
|
| keyResult | velocity is proportional to distance for extra-galactic nebulae ⓘ |
| language | English ⓘ |
| mainSubject |
extra-galactic nebulae
ⓘ
galaxies ⓘ |
| precedes | Hubble and Humason 1931 paper on velocity–distance relation ⓘ |
| proposes | linear relation between distance and recessional velocity of galaxies ⓘ |
| providesEvidenceFor | cosmological expansion ⓘ |
| publicationYear | 1929 ⓘ |
| publishedIn | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ⓘ |
| relatedConcept |
Lemaître–Hubble law
ⓘ
surface form:
redshift–distance relation
|
| relatedToWorkOf |
Georges Lemaître
ⓘ
Vesto Melvin Slipher ⓘ |
| relatesTo |
Hubble constant H₀
ⓘ
surface form:
Hubble constant
|
| supportsTheory | expanding universe ⓘ |
| timePeriodDescribed | nearby universe at low redshift ⓘ |
| typeOfWork | observational study ⓘ |
| usesDataFrom | Slipher radial velocity measurements ⓘ |
| usesMethod | Cepheid variable distance measurements ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
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Instruction
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Input
Subject: A Relation between Distance and Radial Velocity among Extra-Galactic Nebulae Description of subject: "A Relation between Distance and Radial Velocity among Extra-Galactic Nebulae" is Edwin Hubble’s landmark 1929 paper that established the linear relationship between galaxies’ distances and their recessional velocities, providing the first strong evidence for the expanding universe.
Referenced by (7)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
Edwin Hubble
→
notableWork
→
A Relation between Distance and Radial Velocity among Extra-Galactic Nebulae
ⓘ
100-inch Hooker Telescope at Mount Wilson Observatory
→
associatedWithDiscovery
→
A Relation between Distance and Radial Velocity among Extra-Galactic Nebulae
ⓘ
subject surface form:
100-inch Hooker Telescope
this entity surface form:
Hubble–Humason velocity–distance relation
Lemaître–Hubble law
→
historicalPrecursor
→
A Relation between Distance and Radial Velocity among Extra-Galactic Nebulae
ⓘ
this entity surface form:
Hubble’s 1929 velocity–distance relation
A Relation between Distance and Radial Velocity among Extra-Galactic Nebulae
→
alsoKnownAs
→
A Relation between Distance and Radial Velocity among Extra-Galactic Nebulae
ⓘ
this entity surface form:
Hubble 1929 paper
A Relation between Distance and Radial Velocity among Extra-Galactic Nebulae
→
alsoKnownAs
→
A Relation between Distance and Radial Velocity among Extra-Galactic Nebulae
ⓘ
this entity surface form:
Hubble’s 1929 distance–velocity paper
A Relation between Distance and Radial Velocity among Extra-Galactic Nebulae
→
citationStyleTitle
→
A Relation between Distance and Radial Velocity among Extra-Galactic Nebulae
self-link
ⓘ
Hubble sequence
→
describedInWork
→
A Relation between Distance and Radial Velocity among Extra-Galactic Nebulae
ⓘ
this entity surface form:
“Extra-galactic Nebulae”