assumes
P1458
predicate
Indicates that one entity takes on, accepts, or presumes a role, responsibility, state, or fact regarding another entity or situation.
Aliases (7)
- actsAs ×19
- assumption ×19
- usesAssumption ×9
- basedOnAssumption ×5
- hasAssumption ×3
- assumesBackground ×1
- assumesInput ×1
Sample triples (showing first 500 of 636)
| Subject | Object |
|---|---|
| Abel–Ruffini theorem | coefficients in a field of characteristic zero, typically the rational numbers → |
| BCS theory of superconductivity | effective attractive interaction between electrons near the Fermi surface → |
| BCS theory of superconductivity | pairing of electrons with opposite momenta and spins → |
| Banker's algorithm | fixed number of processes → |
| Banker's algorithm | fixed number of resource types → |
| Banker's algorithm | maximum resource demand known in advance → |
| Banker's algorithm | processes eventually release resources → |
| Barber paradox | The barber shaves all those who do not shave themselves → |
| Barber paradox | The barber shaves no one who shaves himself → |
| Bardeen–Stephen model of flux flow in superconductors | Ohmic dissipation in the vortex core → |
| Bardeen–Stephen model of flux flow in superconductors | normal core inside each vortex → |
| Bardeen–Stephen model of flux flow in superconductors | normal-state like resistivity in the vortex core → |
| Bardeen–Stephen model of flux flow in superconductors | steady-state vortex motion → |
| Bardeen–Stephen model of flux flow in superconductors | uniform current distribution on scales larger than vortex spacing → |
| Bayesian inference | model structure → |
| Bayesian inference | prior knowledge → |
| Berry–Esseen theorem | finite third absolute moment → |
| Berry–Esseen theorem | independent random variables → |
| Berry–Esseen theorem | non-degenerate variance → |
| Berserker hypothesis | advanced civilizations can build self-replicating probes → |
| Berserker hypothesis | galaxy-wide reach of destructive probes or civilizations → |
| Berserker hypothesis | hostile intent or competitive behavior among advanced civilizations → |
| Bethe formula for stopping power | interaction primarily with atomic electrons → |
| Bethe formula for stopping power | single particle moving in homogeneous medium → |
| Bethe–Feynman formula for nuclear explosions | homogeneous fissile core → |
| Bethe–Feynman formula for nuclear explosions | rapidly varying neutron population → |
| Bethe–Feynman formula for nuclear explosions | spherical symmetry of the core → |
| Black–Scholes model | constant risk-free interest rate → |
| Black–Scholes model | constant volatility → |
| Black–Scholes model | continuous trading → |
| Black–Scholes model | frictionless markets → |
| Black–Scholes model | geometric Brownian motion for underlying asset price → |
| Black–Scholes model | lognormal distribution of asset prices → |
| Black–Scholes model | no arbitrage → |
| Black–Scholes model | no dividends on underlying asset in basic form → |
| Black–Scholes model | no transaction costs → |
| Bloomfieldian structuralism | language can be analyzed without recourse to speaker intuition → |
| Bloomfieldian structuralism | linguistic units can be defined distributionally → |
| Bode plot | linear time-invariant system → |
| Bode plot | sinusoidal steady-state excitation ("assumesInput") → |
| Bohr model of the atom | Coulomb attraction between electron and nucleus → |
| Bohr model of the atom | classical circular motion for electrons with quantized angular momentum → |
| Boltzmann distribution | classical distinguishable particles in many applications → |
| Boltzmann equation | binary collisions → |
| Boltzmann equation | molecular chaos → |
| Boltzmann equation | short-range interactions → |
| Boltzmann–Gibbs entropy | ergodic hypothesis → |
| Boltzmann–Gibbs entropy | short-range interactions in typical applications → |
| Born approximation | incident wave is a plane wave → |
| Born approximation | interaction potential is weak → |
| Born approximation | scattering can be treated as a perturbation of free motion → |
| Born rule | normalized wavefunction → |
| Born–Huang expansion | separation of electronic and nuclear coordinates as a starting point → |
| Born–Oppenheimer approximation | electronic and nuclear motions can be separated ("basedOnAssumption") → |
| Born–Oppenheimer approximation | electronic wavefunction depends parametrically on nuclear coordinates → |
| Born–Oppenheimer approximation | nuclear kinetic energy operator can be neglected in electronic problem → |
| Born–Oppenheimer approximation | nuclei move much more slowly than electrons ("basedOnAssumption") → |
| Bose–Einstein statistics | no restriction on number of particles per quantum state → |
| Bose–Einstein statistics | symmetry of wavefunction under particle exchange → |
| Brillouin–Wigner perturbation theory | existence of a solvable unperturbed Hamiltonian → |
| Brouwer fixed-point theorem | compactness of the domain → |
| Brouwer fixed-point theorem | continuity of the map → |
| Brouwer fixed-point theorem | convexity of the domain → |
| Burali-Forti paradox | every well-ordered set is order-isomorphic to a unique ordinal ("usesAssumption") → |
| Burali-Forti paradox | the set of all ordinals, if it existed, would itself be well-ordered ("usesAssumption") → |
| CLT | no single variable dominates the sum → |
| CSP (Communicating Sequential Processes) | independent processes → |
| CSP (Communicating Sequential Processes) | interaction solely via communication events → |
| Cantabrian Mountains | climatic barrier ("actsAs") → |
| Cantor’s paradox | existence of a set of all sets → |
| Cavendish experiment | inverse-square law of gravitation → |
| Chief Cabinet Secretary (Shinzo Abe) | chief government spokesman ("actsAs") → |
| Chomsky hierarchy | grammars generate formal languages → |
| Client-Centered Therapy | innate capacity for growth → |
| Client-Centered Therapy | tendency toward self-actualization → |
| Coase theorem | no wealth effects on marginal valuations in some formulations ("assumption") → |
| Coase theorem | parties are rational ("assumption") → |
| Coase theorem | parties have complete information ("assumption") → |
| Coase theorem | property rights are well-defined ("assumption") → |
| Coase theorem | transaction costs are zero or negligible ("assumption") → |
| Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics | classical description for measuring apparatus → |
| Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics | collapse occurs during measurement → |
| Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics | measurement outcomes are fundamentally probabilistic → |
| Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics | no underlying hidden variables → |
| Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics | quantum properties are not definite prior to measurement → |
| Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics | wavefunction provides complete description of quantum system → |
| Courant–Friedrichs–Lewy condition | finite propagation speed of information → |
| Crank–Nicolson scheme | sufficient smoothness of the solution for second-order convergence → |
| Darwinism | inheritance of traits → |
| Darwinism | struggle for existence → |
| Darwinism | variation within populations → |
| Deputy Chairman of Rajya Sabha | Chairman of Rajya Sabha when Chairman is absent ("actsAs") → |
| Deputy Prime Minister of India | stand-in for Prime Minister of India ("actsAs") → |
| Deputy Prime Minister of the Netherlands | acting Prime Minister of the Netherlands ("actsAs") → |
| Deputy Prime Minister of the Netherlands | chair of the Council of Ministers in absence of the Prime Minister ("actsAs") → |
| Does the Inertia of a Body Depend Upon Its Energy Content? | validity of special relativity postulates ("assumption") → |
| Dyson series | adiabatic switching on and off of interactions → |
| Dyson series | existence of free and interacting field decomposition → |
| Dyson shell | near-complete enclosure of star → |
| East Asian mountain system | climatic barrier ("actsAs") → |
| Eddington limit | isotropic radiation field → |
| Eddington limit | spherical symmetry → |
| Eddington limit | steady-state conditions → |
| Eightfold Way classification | strong interaction approximately flavor symmetric → |
| Einstein bed-load function | steady uniform flow → |
| Einstein bed-load function | uniform sediment size → |
| Einstein bed-load function | wide channel approximation → |
| Einstein synchronization convention | constancy of the speed of light in vacuum → |
| Einstein synchronization convention | isotropy of the one-way speed of light → |
| Einstein–Maxwell equations | classical (non-quantum) fields → |
| Einstein–Maxwell equations | general covariance → |
| Einstein–Maxwell equations | minimal coupling between gravity and electromagnetism → |
| Einstein–Smoluchowski relation | isothermal conditions → |
| Einstein–Smoluchowski relation | linear response regime → |
| Einstein–Smoluchowski relation | overdamped dynamics → |
| Ekman transport | constant vertical eddy viscosity → |
| Ekman transport | horizontally uniform conditions → |
| Ekman transport | steady wind forcing → |
| Eliashberg theory | Migdal approximation → |
| Eliashberg theory | phonon-mediated pairing interaction → |
| Euler equations | continuum hypothesis → |
| Euler equations | inviscid fluid → |
| Euler equations | zero viscosity → |
| Euler product formula for the Riemann zeta function | s is a complex number with Re(s) > 1 → |
| Euler–Lagrange equation | sufficient smoothness of the admissible functions → |
| Euler’s method for numerical integration | given initial condition y(t0) = y0 → |
| Euler’s polyhedron formula | polyhedron is topologically equivalent to a sphere → |
| FLRW cosmological models | cosmological principle → |
| FLRW cosmological models | large-scale homogeneity → |
| FLRW cosmological models | large-scale isotropy → |
| Faddeev’s axioms | entropy is a real-valued function on discrete probability distributions → |
| Faraday's law of induction | classical electromagnetism → |
| Fermi energy | non-interacting or weakly interacting fermions in simple models → |
| Fermi gas | indistinguishable fermions → |
| Fermi gas | occupation numbers 0 or 1 per state → |
| Fermi liquid theory | adiabatic continuity from non-interacting Fermi gas → |
| Fermi liquid theory | long-lived quasiparticle excitations near the Fermi surface → |
| Fermi liquid theory | well-defined Fermi surface → |
| Fermi theory of beta decay | energy and momentum conservation → |
| Fermi theory of beta decay | lepton number conservation → |
| Fermi theory of beta decay | neutrino emission in beta decay → |
| Fermi theory of beta decay | point-like weak interaction → |
| Fermi–Dirac statistics | indistinguishability of particles → |
| Fermi–Dirac statistics | quantum mechanical description of states → |
| Feynman checkerboard model | discrete spacetime lattice with lightlike links → |
| Feynman checkerboard model | particle moves only left or right at each time step → |
| Feynman rules | expansion in powers of coupling constants → |
| Feynman rules | perturbation theory → |
| Feynman–Hellmann theorem | differentiable dependence of the Hamiltonian on the parameter → |
| Feynman–Hellmann theorem | normalized eigenstates of the Hamiltonian → |
| Feynman–Kac formula | existence of a corresponding diffusion process → |
| Feynman–Kac formula | sufficient regularity of coefficients in the PDE → |
| Fokker–Planck equation | Markov property → |
| Fourier's law of heat conduction | continuum hypothesis → |
| Fourier's law of heat conduction | linear response to temperature gradient → |
| Fourier's law of heat conduction | local thermodynamic equilibrium → |
| Franck–Condon principle | electronic transitions are much faster than nuclear motion → |
| Franck–Condon principle | nuclear coordinates do not change during the electronic transition → |
| Franck–Condon principle | transition dipole moment is weakly dependent on nuclear coordinates → |
| Fraunhofer diffraction | coherent illumination → |
| Fraunhofer diffraction | paraxial approximation → |
| Fraunhofer diffraction | small-angle approximation → |
| Fresnel diffraction theory | monochromatic illumination in basic form → |
| Fresnel diffraction theory | scalar wave approximation → |
| Fresnel equations | linear, homogeneous, isotropic media → |
| Fresnel equations | monochromatic plane wave → |
| Fresnel equations | planar interface → |
| Galilean relativity | Euclidean space → |
| Galilean relativity | absolute time → |
| Galilean relativity | space and time are independent → |
| Galilean relativity | universal time shared by all observers → |
| Gauss's law | validity of classical electromagnetism → |
| Gauss's law for magnetism | absence of magnetic charge density → |
| Gaussian elimination | arithmetic operations are exact in theoretical analysis → |
| Gaussian law of error | errors are identically distributed → |
| Gaussian law of error | errors are independent → |
| Gaussian law of error | errors have finite variance → |
| Gaussian law of error | no systematic bias in errors → |
| Gauss–Markov theorem | exogeneity of regressors → |
| Gauss–Markov theorem | finite second moments of error terms → |
| Gauss–Markov theorem | full column rank of the regressor matrix → |
| Gauss–Markov theorem | homoscedasticity of error terms → |
| Gauss–Markov theorem | linearity in parameters → |
| Gauss–Markov theorem | no autocorrelation of error terms → |
| Gauss–Markov theorem | zero mean error term → |
| Gauss’s lemma (number theory) | a is an integer coprime to p → |
| Gauss’s lemma (number theory) | p is an odd prime → |
| Gauss’s planetary equations | perturbing forces small compared to central gravity → |
| Gauss’s planetary equations | two-body Keplerian reference orbit plus small perturbations → |
| Gell-Mann–Low theorem | existence of adiabatic limit → |
| Gell-Mann–Low theorem | stability of the vacuum under adiabatic switching → |
| Gell-Mann–Low theorem | unique interacting vacuum state → |
| Gell-Mann–Nishijima formula | isospin SU(2) symmetry → |
| Gematria | Torah contains hidden layers of meaning → |
| General Council of the World Trade Organization | Dispute Settlement Body ("actsAs") → |
| General Council of the World Trade Organization | Trade Policy Review Body ("actsAs") → |
| Ginzburg–Landau theory of superconductivity | continuous phase transition → |
| Government and Binding Theory | Universal Grammar → |
| Government and Binding Theory | modular organization of grammar → |
| Gross–Pitaevskii equation | all bosons occupy the same single-particle state → |
| Gross–Pitaevskii equation | contact interaction between particles → |
| Gross–Pitaevskii equation | s-wave scattering dominance → |
| Grothendieck universe | existence is not provable in ZFC without large cardinal axioms ("assumption") → |
| Gödel's incompleteness theorems | ω-consistency in Gödel's original proof of the first theorem → |
| Herzberg–Teller approximation | Born–Oppenheimer separation of electronic and nuclear motion as a starting point → |
| Herzberg–Teller approximation | electronic transition dipole moment depends on nuclear coordinates → |
| Hilbert basis theorem | commutative ring with identity → |
| Hilbert’s Nullstellensatz | base field is algebraically closed in its standard form → |
| Hilbert’s syzygy theorem | finitely generated module → |
| Hilbert’s syzygy theorem | polynomial ring in finitely many variables → |
| Hindsight Experience Replay | goals can be derived from achieved states → |
| Huygens–Fresnel principle | linear, homogeneous, isotropic medium → |
| IS-LM model | closed economy → |
| IS-LM model | fixed price level → |
| IS-LM model | given money supply → |
| IS-LM model | interest-sensitive investment → |
| IS-LM model | liquidity preference for money → |
| IS-LM model | sticky prices in the short run → |
| Interactive Proofs and the Hardness of Approximating Cliques | standard complexity assumptions such as P not equal to NP → |
| Israel–Carter–Robinson uniqueness theorems | Einstein–Maxwell theory → |
| Israel–Carter–Robinson uniqueness theorems | asymptotic flatness → |
| Israel–Carter–Robinson uniqueness theorems | four spacetime dimensions → |
| Israel–Carter–Robinson uniqueness theorems | non-degenerate event horizon → |
| Israel–Carter–Robinson uniqueness theorems | regularity of the event horizon → |
| Israel–Carter–Robinson uniqueness theorems | stationarity → |
| Israel–Carter–Robinson uniqueness theorems | vacuum or electrovacuum outside the black hole → |
| Itô’s lemma | semimartingale framework for general versions → |
| Janet–Cartan theorem | positive-definite Riemannian metric ("assumption") → |
| Janet–Cartan theorem | real-analytic Riemannian metric → |
| Janet–Cartan theorem | real-analytic structure on the manifold ("assumption") → |
| Jeans mass | Newtonian gravity → |
| Jeans mass | isothermal gas → |
| Jeans mass | small perturbations in an infinite medium → |
| Jeans mass | uniform density → |
| KMeans | Euclidean feature space in standard form → |
| KMeans | clusters are roughly spherical → |
| KMeans | clusters have similar size → |
| Kac ring model | deterministic microscopic dynamics → |
| Kac ring model | discrete time steps → |
| Kac ring model | random initial distribution of scatterers → |
| Kac walk | binary collisions → |
| Kac walk | energy conservation in collisions → |
| Kakutani fixed-point theorem | correspondence is upper hemicontinuous ("assumption") → |
| Kakutani fixed-point theorem | domain is a nonempty compact convex subset of a Euclidean space ("assumption") → |
| Kakutani fixed-point theorem | graph of the correspondence is closed ("assumption") → |
| Kakutani fixed-point theorem | set-valued map has nonempty values ("assumption") → |
| Kakutani fixed-point theorem | values of the correspondence are convex sets ("assumption") → |
| Kardashev scale | civilizations can expand energy use over time → |
| Kardashev scale | energy use correlates with technological advancement → |
| Karush–Kuhn–Tucker conditions | constraint qualification such as Slater’s condition in convex problems → |
| Kennedy–Thorndike experiment | inertial laboratory frame → |
| Kennedy–Thorndike experiment | no preferred reference frame → |
| Kennelly–Heaviside layer theory | presence of ionized gases at high altitude → |
| Kennelly–Heaviside layer theory | radio waves can be reflected or refracted by ionized layers → |
| Kepler’s laws of planetary motion | Sun at or near focus of planetary orbits → |
| Kepler’s laws of planetary motion | two-body problem approximation → |
| Kerr Penrose diagram | idealized, eternal Kerr black hole → |
| Keynesian economics | involuntary unemployment can exist → |
| Keynesian economics | markets may not clear quickly → |
| Keynesian economics | short-run non-neutrality of money → |
| Khinchin–Kahane type inequalities | independence of random signs or coefficients → |
| Khinchin–Kahane type inequalities | symmetry of random signs in classical form → |
| King of the Belgians | symbol of national continuity ("actsAs") → |
| King of the Belgians | symbol of national unity ("actsAs") → |
| Kirchhoff's circuit laws | lumped element model → |
| Kirchhoff's circuit laws | negligible electromagnetic radiation → |
| Kirchhoff's circuit laws | no time-varying magnetic flux linking the loop → |
| Kirchhoff's law of thermal radiation | no net energy exchange at equilibrium → |
| Kirchhoff's three laws of spectroscopy | thermal radiation from matter → |
| Klein–Nishina formula | initially free electron at rest → |
| Klein–Nishina formula | single‑photon scattering → |
| Knuth–Bendix completion algorithm | finite signature of function symbols → |
| Knuth–Bendix completion algorithm | well-founded reduction ordering on terms → |
| Koch's postulates | availability of pure culture techniques → |
| Koch's postulates | existence of susceptible experimental hosts → |
| Koch's postulates | one pathogen causes one disease → |
| Kripke fixed-point theory of truth | standard model of arithmetic for base language → |
| Kruskal–Szekeres coordinates | non-rotating black hole → |
| Kruskal–Szekeres coordinates | uncharged black hole → |
| LSZ reduction formula | adiabatic switching of interactions → |
| LSZ reduction formula | asymptotic completeness → |
| LSZ reduction formula | existence of asymptotic in and out states → |
| Laffer curve | tax rates influence size of the tax base → |
| Laffer curve | taxpayers adjust behavior in response to tax rate changes → |
| Lamarckism | continuous gradual transformation of species → |
| Lamarckism | direct environmental effects on heredity → |
| Lamarckism | goal-directed or progressive evolution → |
| Landau theory of second-order phase transitions | analytic free energy near the critical point → |
| Landau theory of second-order phase transitions | equilibrium thermodynamics → |
| Landau theory of second-order phase transitions | homogeneous order parameter in simplest form → |
| Landau theory of second-order phase transitions | small order parameter near the critical point → |
| Langevin dynamics | delta-correlated noise in time → |
| Langevin dynamics | thermal equilibrium of the heat bath → |
| Lax equivalence theorem | finite difference discretization → |
| Lax equivalence theorem | linear problem → |
| Lax equivalence theorem | well-posed problem → |
| Lemaître–Hubble law | cosmological principle → |
| Lieutenant Governor of California | acting Governor of California when the Governor is absent ("actsAs") → |
| Lieutenant Governor of California | acting Governor of California when the Governor is out of state ("actsAs") → |
| Lieutenant Governor of California | acting Governor of California when the Governor is unable to discharge duties ("actsAs") → |
| London equations | constant density of superconducting carriers → |
| London equations | rigid macroscopic quantum phase of superconducting wavefunction → |
| London equations | superconducting carriers move without scattering → |
| London penetration depth | local electrodynamics in London theory → |
| Longuet-Higgins theorem in molecular symmetry | molecular Hamiltonian invariant under point group operations → |
| Lorentz force | classical point charge → |
| Lorentz transformation | constant relative velocity between frames → |
| Lucas critique | expectations depend on policy rules → |
| Lucas critique | forward-looking economic agents → |
| METI | extraterrestrial civilizations may detect artificial signals → |
| METI | some scientific concepts are universal → |
| Malthusian catastrophe | absence of effective population control ("hasAssumption") → |
| Malthusian catastrophe | fixed or slowly growing agricultural output ("hasAssumption") → |
| Malthusian catastrophe | limited natural resources ("hasAssumption") → |
| Martingale representation theorem | completeness of probability space → |
| Martingale representation theorem | probability space with filtration → |
| Martingale representation theorem | right-continuous filtration → |
| Martingale representation theorem | usual conditions on filtration → |
| Massive Retaliation strategy | any aggression could trigger full-scale nuclear response → |
| Maxwell's equations | charge conservation → |
| Maxwell's equations | classical continuous fields → |
| Maxwell–Boltzmann statistics | Boltzmann counting of microstates → |
| Maxwell–Boltzmann statistics | classical limit → |
| Maxwell–Boltzmann statistics | dilute gas → |
| Maxwell–Boltzmann statistics | distinguishability of particles → |
| Maxwell–Boltzmann statistics | no quantum degeneracy → |
| Maxwell–Boltzmann statistics | non-interacting particles → |
| Maxwell–Boltzmann statistics | thermal equilibrium → |
| Mendeleev periodic table | properties of elements are periodic function of atomic weight → |
| Merkle–Damgård construction | compression function is collision-resistant → |
| Migdal approximation | electrons respond much faster than lattice vibrations → |
| Migdal approximation | phonon energies are much smaller than electronic energies → |
| Migdal approximation | small ratio of phonon frequency to Fermi energy → |
| Minimalist Program | Universal Grammar → |
| Minimalist Program | language faculty is an optimal solution to interface conditions → |
| Minkowski inequality | underlying measure space is σ-finite (in many standard formulations) → |
| Moore's law | continuous advances in semiconductor fabrication → |
| Moore's law | improvements in manufacturing yield → |
| Moore's law | shrinking transistor feature sizes → |
| Mulliken electronegativity scale | gas-phase atomic properties → |
| Mulliken electronegativity scale | isolated atom approximation → |
| Nash bargaining solution | transferable cardinal utilities up to positive affine transformations → |
| Nash bargaining solution | von Neumann–Morgenstern utility functions → |
| Navier–Stokes equations | Newtonian constitutive relation for stress → |
| Navier–Stokes equations | continuum hypothesis → |
| New Keynesian economics | rational expectations ("usesAssumption") → |
| New Neoclassical Synthesis | intertemporal optimization ("usesAssumption") → |
| New Neoclassical Synthesis | microfoundations ("usesAssumption") → |
| New Neoclassical Synthesis | rational expectations ("usesAssumption") → |
| Newton's first law of motion | space and time are absolute in Newtonian mechanics → |
| Newton's second law of motion | inertial reference frame → |
| Newtonian absolute space | absolute simultaneity → |
| Newtonian absolute space | global inertial frame → |
| Newtonian absolute time | independent existence from events → |
| Newtonian absolute time | same time coordinate for all observers → |
| Newtonian absolute time | time passes even if nothing happens → |
| Newtonian mechanics | Euclidean space → |
| Newtonian mechanics | Galilean relativity → |
| Newtonian mechanics | absolute time → |
| Newtonian optics | change of speed at media boundaries causes refraction → |
| Newtonian optics | light travels in straight lines in homogeneous media → |
| Noether normalization lemma | base field k → |
| Noether normalization lemma | commutative rings with identity → |
| Noether's isomorphism theorems | existence of kernels of homomorphisms → |
| Noether's isomorphism theorems | existence of normal subgroups or ideals → |
| Noetherian induction | every descending chain stabilizes → |
| Nyquist stability criterion | system is linear → |
| Nyquist stability criterion | system is time-invariant → |
| Nyquist stability criterion | transfer function is rational → |
| On a Heuristic Point of View Concerning the Production and Transformation of Light | light behaves as a gas of independent quanta → |
| On the Curvature of Space | homogeneity of the universe → |
| On the Curvature of Space | isotropy of the universe → |
| Oppenheimer–Snyder model | dust equation of state → |
| Oppenheimer–Snyder model | homogeneous matter distribution → |
| Oppenheimer–Snyder model | no charge → |
| Oppenheimer–Snyder model | no rotation → |
| Oppenheimer–Snyder model | pressureless matter → |
| Oppenheimer–Snyder model | spherical symmetry → |
| Oppenheimer–Volkoff limit | cold neutron star → |
| Oppenheimer–Volkoff limit | isotropic pressure → |
| Oppenheimer–Volkoff limit | non-rotating neutron star → |
| Oppenheimer–Volkoff limit | spherical symmetry → |
| Osterwalder–Schrader axioms | Euclidean space-time → |
| PCA (scikit-learn) | linear relationships in data → |
| Parliamentary Private Secretaries | liaisons between ministers and backbenchers ("actsAs") → |
| Parliamentary Private Secretaries | political aides ("actsAs") → |
| Pauling electronegativity scale | covalent bond energy additivity with ionic contribution → |
| Peace through law | legal norms can constrain state behavior → |
| Peace through law | states can be bound by legal obligations → |
| Peano notation | existence of a distinguished element 0 → |
| Peano notation | existence of a unary successor operation → |
| Phillips curve framework | imperfect adjustment of expectations → |
| Phillips curve framework | short-run nominal rigidities → |
| Planck radiation law | bosonic statistics for photons → |
| Planck radiation law | electromagnetic modes in a cavity → |
| Planck radiation law | thermal equilibrium → |
| President of the First Chamber | official spokesperson of the First Chamber ("actsAs") → |
| Principles and Parameters Theory | innate language faculty → |
| Principles and Parameters Theory | universal grammar → |
| Ptolemaic system | Earth is at the center of the universe → |
| Ptolemaic system | Moon orbits Earth → |
| Ptolemaic system | Sun orbits Earth → |
| Ptolemaic system | fixed stars lie on a celestial sphere → |
| Ptolemaic system | heavenly bodies move in uniform circular motion → |
| Ptolemaic system | planets orbit Earth → |
| Ptolemaic system | universe is finite and closed → |
| Q source hypothesis | Markan priority → |
| Q source hypothesis | literary dependence between synoptic gospels → |
| Quantitative Reasoning | high school level mathematics ("assumesBackground") → |
| RFC 4254 | an encrypted and integrity-protected SSH transport → |
| Radon–Nikodym derivative | complete measure space (often) → |
| Radon–Nikodym derivative | underlying σ-algebra → |
| Rare Earth hypothesis | simple life can arise under relatively common conditions → |
| Rayleigh–Jeans law at low frequencies | classical electromagnetic field → |
| Rayleigh–Jeans law at low frequencies | continuous energy spectrum → |
| Rayleigh–Jeans law at low frequencies | electromagnetic modes have energy kT per degree of freedom → |
| Rayleigh–Schrödinger perturbation theory | exactly solvable unperturbed Hamiltonian → |
| Reissner–Nordström Penrose diagram | electrovacuum solution of Einstein–Maxwell equations → |
| Reissner–Nordström Penrose diagram | spherical symmetry → |
| Ricardian equivalence | households fully understand government budget constraint → |
| Ricardian equivalence | infinite-lived agents or operative intergenerational altruism → |
| Ricardian equivalence | lump-sum taxes → |
| Ricardian equivalence | no default on government debt → |
| Ricardian equivalence | no distortionary taxation → |
| Ricardian equivalence | no liquidity constraints → |
| Ricardian equivalence | no myopia in consumer behavior → |
| Ricardian equivalence | no uncertainty about future taxes → |
| Ricardian equivalence | perfect capital markets → |
| Ricardian equivalence | rational expectations → |
| Ricardian rent | competitive markets for agricultural products → |
| Ricardian rent | diminishing returns to cultivation on land → |
| Ricardian rent | fixed supply of land → |
| Richter magnitude scale | similar attenuation characteristics as Southern California → |
| Riemann sums | boundedness of the function on the interval → |
| Riemann–Hurwitz formula | compact connected Riemann surfaces → |
| Riemann–Hurwitz formula | finite degree d of the covering map → |
| Riemann–Hurwitz formula | holomorphic surjective map between Riemann surfaces → |
| Riemann–Lebesgue lemma | function belongs to L¹ with respect to the relevant measure ("assumption") → |
| Riemann–Lebesgue lemma | function is integrable in the Lebesgue sense ("assumption") → |
| Riemann–Liouville integral | sufficient regularity of the integrand → |
| Rosseland mean opacity | diffusion approximation for radiative transfer → |
| Rosseland mean opacity | local thermodynamic equilibrium → |
| Rosseland mean opacity | optically thick medium → |
| Rubinstein bargaining model | common knowledge of preferences → |
| Rubinstein bargaining model | discounting of future payoffs → |
| Rubinstein bargaining model | infinite sequence of possible offers → |
| Rubinstein bargaining model | perfect information → |
| Rubinstein bargaining model | two players → |
| S-matrix | existence of asymptotic free states → |
| SMTP | reliable transport → |
| Sackur–Tetrode equation | classical ideal gas → |
| Sackur–Tetrode equation | distinguishability corrected by Gibbs factor → |
| Sackur–Tetrode equation | non-interacting particles → |
| Salam–Weinberg model | local gauge symmetry → |
| Schlieffen Plan | quick French defeat ("basedOnAssumption") → |
| Schlieffen Plan | rapid German mobilization ("basedOnAssumption") → |
| Schlieffen Plan | slow Russian mobilization ("basedOnAssumption") → |
| Schwarzschild Penrose diagram | maximal analytic extension of Schwarzschild solution → |
| Schwarzschild coordinates | non-rotating central mass → |
| Schwarzschild coordinates | spherical symmetry → |
| Schwarzschild coordinates | static spacetime → |
| Schwarzschild criterion | adiabatic motion of displaced fluid elements → |
| Schwarzschild criterion | no composition gradient in the stellar layer → |
| Schwarzschild criterion | small perturbations to equilibrium → |
| Schwarzschild radius | non-rotating mass → |
| Schwarzschild radius | spherical symmetry → |
| Schwarzschild radius | uncharged mass → |
| Schwarzschild–Milne equations | one-dimensional variation with optical depth → |
| Schwarzschild–Milne equations | radiative transfer in local thermodynamic equilibrium in some formulations → |
| Shockley diode equation | abrupt p–n junction → |
| Shockley diode equation | low-level injection → |
| Shockley diode equation | negligible recombination in depletion region → |
| Shockley diode equation | negligible series resistance → |
| Shockley diode equation | steady-state conditions → |
| Shockley diode equation | temperature uniformity → |
| Shockley diode equation | uniform doping → |
| Shockley–Queisser limit | black-body radiation spectrum for the sun → |
| Shockley–Queisser limit | cell temperature of about 300 K → |
| Shockley–Queisser limit | detailed balance between absorption and emission → |
| Shockley–Queisser limit | no optical concentration unless explicitly included → |
| Shockley–Queisser limit | no series resistance → |
| Shockley–Queisser limit | radiative recombination as the only recombination mechanism → |
| Shockley–Queisser limit | standard test conditions for solar illumination → |
| Shockley–Queisser limit | step-function absorption at the band gap energy → |
| Shockley–Queisser limit | thermal equilibrium between solar cell and surroundings → |
| Smoluchowski coagulation equation | mean-field approximation → |
| Smoluchowski coagulation equation | pairwise particle collisions → |
| Smoluchowski coagulation equation | spatial homogeneity → |
| Snell’s law of refraction | isotropic media → |
| Snell’s law of refraction | linear media → |
| Snell’s law of refraction | monochromatic light → |
| Snell’s law of refraction | non-absorbing media → |
| Standard Theory | autonomous syntax → |
| Standard Theory | competence–performance distinction → |
| Standard Theory | generative rules → |
| Standard Theory of generative grammar | autonomous syntax → |
| Standard Theory of generative grammar | competence–performance distinction → |
| Standard Theory of generative grammar | generative grammar as a mental system → |
| Stefan–Boltzmann law | surface is a perfect black body with emissivity equal to 1 → |
| Steinmetz equivalent circuit | linear magnetic conditions for normal operation → |