FLRW cosmological models

E1311

cosmological model homogeneous cosmological model isotropic cosmological model solution to Einstein field equations spacetime metric

FLRW cosmological models are a family of solutions to Einstein’s field equations that describe a homogeneous and isotropic expanding or contracting universe, forming the standard framework for modern cosmology.

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All labels observed (17)

Label	Occurrences
Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker metric	16
FLRW cosmological models canonical	2
Friedmann equations	2
Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker cosmological models	2
Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker cosmology	2
Robertson–Walker metric	2
Big Bang models	1
FLRW metric	1
Friedmann cosmological models	1
Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker cosmological model	1
Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker cosmologies	1
Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker metric (special case)	1
Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker spacetimes	1
Friedmann–Robertson–Walker cosmology	1
Friedmann–Robertson–Walker models	1
Lemaître’s expanding universe solution	1
Robertson–Walker cosmological models	1

How this entity was disambiguated

This entity first appeared as the object of triple T19065 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.

NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07

Target entity: FLRW cosmological models
Context triple: [Oppenheimer–Snyder model, relatedTo, FLRW cosmological models]

A. Oppenheimer–Snyder model
The Oppenheimer–Snyder model is a pioneering theoretical description of gravitational collapse in general relativity, providing one of the first rigorous treatments of how a massive star can form a black hole.
B. Cosmos: A Personal Voyage
Cosmos: A Personal Voyage is a landmark 1980 science documentary television series that explores the universe, science, and humanity’s place in the cosmos, hosted and co-written by astronomer Carl Sagan.
C. Trinity
The Trinity is the central Christian doctrine that God exists as one divine being in three distinct, co-equal persons: the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit.
D. Consilience: The Unity of Knowledge
Consilience: The Unity of Knowledge is a 1998 book by biologist Edward O. Wilson that argues for the unification of the natural sciences, social sciences, and humanities into a single, coherent framework of knowledge.
E. Baade Telescope
The Baade Telescope is one of the twin 6.5-meter Magellan optical telescopes used for cutting-edge astronomical research in Chile.
F. None of above. chosen
G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.

NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07

Target entity: FLRW cosmological models
Target entity description: FLRW cosmological models are a family of solutions to Einstein’s field equations that describe a homogeneous and isotropic expanding or contracting universe, forming the standard framework for modern cosmology.

A. Oppenheimer–Snyder model
The Oppenheimer–Snyder model is a pioneering theoretical description of gravitational collapse in general relativity, providing one of the first rigorous treatments of how a massive star can form a black hole.
B. Cosmos: A Personal Voyage
Cosmos: A Personal Voyage is a landmark 1980 science documentary television series that explores the universe, science, and humanity’s place in the cosmos, hosted and co-written by astronomer Carl Sagan.
C. Trinity
The Trinity is the central Christian doctrine that God exists as one divine being in three distinct, co-equal persons: the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit.
D. Consilience: The Unity of Knowledge
Consilience: The Unity of Knowledge is a 1998 book by biologist Edward O. Wilson that argues for the unification of the natural sciences, social sciences, and humanities into a single, coherent framework of knowledge.
E. Baade Telescope
The Baade Telescope is one of the twin 6.5-meter Magellan optical telescopes used for cutting-edge astronomical research in Chile.
F. None of above. chosen

Statements (51)

Predicate	Object
instanceOf	cosmological model ⓘ homogeneous cosmological model ⓘ isotropic cosmological model ⓘ solution to Einstein field equations ⓘ spacetime metric ⓘ spacetime metric ⓘ
allowsSpatialCurvature	negative curvature ⓘ positive curvature ⓘ zero curvature ⓘ
approximates	large-scale structure of the universe ⓘ
assumes	cosmological principle ⓘ large-scale homogeneity ⓘ large-scale isotropy ⓘ
basedOnTheory	general relativity ⓘ
compatibleWith	cosmic microwave background isotropy ⓘ
definedOn	four-dimensional spacetime ⓘ
describes	contracting universe ⓘ expanding universe ⓘ homogeneous universe ⓘ isotropic universe ⓘ
fullName	FLRW cosmological models self-linksurface differs ⓘ surface form: Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker cosmological models
governedBy	Einstein field equations ⓘ surface form: Friedmann equations
hasLimitation	assumes perfect fluid description of matter ⓘ neglects small-scale inhomogeneities ⓘ
hasMetric	FLRW cosmological models self-linksurface differs ⓘ surface form: FLRW metric
historicalDevelopment	first solutions found by Alexander Friedmann in the 1920s ⓘ general form clarified by Robertson and Walker in the 1930s ⓘ
implies	Hubble–Lemaître law on large scales ⓘ
includes	cosmic time coordinate ⓘ scale factor ⓘ spatial curvature parameter ⓘ
includesComponent	baryonic matter ⓘ dark energy ⓘ dark matter ⓘ radiation ⓘ
includesParameter	cosmological constant ⓘ
namedAfter	Alexander Friedmann ⓘ Arthur Geoffrey Walker ⓘ Georges Lemaître ⓘ Howard P. Robertson ⓘ
predicts	cosmic expansion history ⓘ time-dependent scale factor ⓘ
spatialSections	3-sphere ⓘ Euclidean 3-space ⓘ hyperbolic 3-space ⓘ
usedIn	standard model of cosmology ⓘ ΛCDM model ⓘ
usedToInfer	age of the universe ⓘ cosmological distance–redshift relations ⓘ critical density of the universe ⓘ
validAtScale	cosmological scales ⓘ

How these facts were elicited

Referenced by (37)

Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.

Oppenheimer–Snyder model → usesMetric → FLRW cosmological models ⓘ

this entity surface form: Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker metric

Oppenheimer–Snyder model → relatedTo → FLRW cosmological models ⓘ

FLRW cosmological models → fullName → FLRW cosmological models self-linksurface differs ⓘ

this entity surface form: Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker cosmological models

FLRW cosmological models → hasMetric → FLRW cosmological models self-linksurface differs ⓘ

this entity surface form: FLRW metric

Einstein field equations → admitsSolution → FLRW cosmological models ⓘ

this entity surface form: Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker metric

de Sitter spacetime → hasMetricType → FLRW cosmological models ⓘ

this entity surface form: Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker metric (special case)

Arthur Geoffrey Walker → notableWork → FLRW cosmological models ⓘ

this entity surface form: Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker metric

Arthur Geoffrey Walker → notableWork → FLRW cosmological models ⓘ

this entity surface form: Robertson–Walker metric

Arthur Geoffrey Walker → notableConcept → FLRW cosmological models ⓘ

this entity surface form: Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker cosmological model

Alexander Friedmann → knownFor → FLRW cosmological models ⓘ

this entity surface form: Friedmann equations

Howard P. Robertson → notableWork → FLRW cosmological models ⓘ

this entity surface form: Robertson–Walker metric

Howard P. Robertson → notableWork → FLRW cosmological models ⓘ

this entity surface form: Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker metric

Howard P. Robertson → notableWork → FLRW cosmological models ⓘ

this entity surface form: Robertson–Walker cosmological models

general relativity → includes → FLRW cosmological models ⓘ

this entity surface form: Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker metric

Big Bang → basedOn → FLRW cosmological models ⓘ

this entity surface form: Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker metric

Penrose–Carter diagrams → appliesTo → FLRW cosmological models ⓘ

subject surface form: Penrose–Carter diagram

this entity surface form: Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker cosmologies

On the Curvature of Space → proposedModel → FLRW cosmological models ⓘ

this entity surface form: Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker metric

On the Curvature of Space → proposedModel → FLRW cosmological models ⓘ

this entity surface form: Friedmann cosmological models

Big Bang cosmology → basedOn → FLRW cosmological models ⓘ

this entity surface form: Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker metric

hypothesis of the primeval atom → associatedWith → FLRW cosmological models ⓘ

this entity surface form: Lemaître’s expanding universe solution

Lemaître–Hubble law → relatedTo → FLRW cosmological models ⓘ

this entity surface form: Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker metric

Lemaître–Hubble law → relatedTo → FLRW cosmological models ⓘ

this entity surface form: Friedmann equations

Gödel metric → contrastsWith → FLRW cosmological models ⓘ

this entity surface form: Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker metric

Lemaître–Tolman metric → generalizes → FLRW cosmological models ⓘ

this entity surface form: Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker metric

Lambda-CDM model → basedOn → FLRW cosmological models ⓘ

this entity surface form: Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker metric

Gravitation (with Charles Misner and Kip Thorne) → covers → FLRW cosmological models ⓘ

this entity surface form: Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker cosmological models

Tolman surface brightness test → basedOn → FLRW cosmological models ⓘ

this entity surface form: Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker metric

Gravitation and Cosmology → subject → FLRW cosmological models ⓘ

this entity surface form: Friedmann–Robertson–Walker cosmology

Planck temperature → usedIn → FLRW cosmological models ⓘ

this entity surface form: Big Bang models

American school of relativistic cosmology → relatedTo → FLRW cosmological models ⓘ

this entity surface form: Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker metric

Bardeen potential → appliesTo → FLRW cosmological models ⓘ

this entity surface form: Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker metric

Principles of Physical Cosmology → topic → FLRW cosmological models ⓘ

this entity surface form: Friedmann–Robertson–Walker models

Weyl tensor → vanishesIn → FLRW cosmological models ⓘ

this entity surface form: Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker spacetimes

Rubin–Ford effect → cosmologicalContext → FLRW cosmological models ⓘ

this entity surface form: Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker cosmology

Einstein static universe → relatedTo → FLRW cosmological models ⓘ

this entity surface form: Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker metric

Einstein static universe → specialCaseOf → FLRW cosmological models ⓘ

chaotic inflation → mathematicalFramework → FLRW cosmological models ⓘ

this entity surface form: Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker cosmology

All labels observed (17)

How this entity was disambiguated Show

Statements (51)

How these facts were elicited Show

Referenced by (37)

How this entity was disambiguated

How these facts were elicited