Triple

T11078516
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject A Relation between Distance and Radial Velocity among Extra-Galactic Nebulae E261927 entity
Predicate alsoKnownAs P39 FINISHED
Object Hubble’s 1929 distance–velocity paper E261927 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (2 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Hubble’s 1929 distance–velocity paper | Statement: [A Relation between Distance and Radial Velocity among Extra-Galactic Nebulae, alsoKnownAs, Hubble’s 1929 distance–velocity paper]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07 
Target entity: Hubble’s 1929 distance–velocity paper
Context triple: [A Relation between Distance and Radial Velocity among Extra-Galactic Nebulae, alsoKnownAs, Hubble’s 1929 distance–velocity paper]
  • A. Hubble–Humason galaxy redshift measurements
    The Hubble–Humason galaxy redshift measurements are a landmark set of observations that extended and refined Edwin Hubble’s work on the expanding universe by systematically measuring the redshifts of distant galaxies.
  • B. A Relation between Distance and Radial Velocity among Extra-Galactic Nebulae chosen
    "A Relation between Distance and Radial Velocity among Extra-Galactic Nebulae" is Edwin Hubble’s landmark 1929 paper that established the linear relationship between galaxies’ distances and their recessional velocities, providing the first strong evidence for the expanding universe.
  • C. Tolman surface brightness test
    The Tolman surface brightness test is an observational cosmology method that checks whether the universe is expanding by examining how the surface brightness of distant galaxies diminishes with redshift.
  • D. 1912 paper on periods of 25 Cepheid variables in the Small Magellanic Cloud
    The 1912 paper on periods of 25 Cepheid variables in the Small Magellanic Cloud is Henrietta Swan Leavitt’s landmark work that revealed the period–luminosity relationship of Cepheid variable stars, providing a crucial tool for measuring cosmic distances.
  • E. The Expanding Universe
    "The Expanding Universe" is a chapter in Stephen Hawking’s popular science book *A Brief History of Time* that explains how observations and cosmological theory reveal that the universe is growing larger over time.
  • F. None of above.
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.

Provenance (3 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69d6aa9983c08190b0ef61603b69feac completed April 8, 2026, 7:20 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69d799953d58819096b645a1377e70f2 completed April 9, 2026, 12:20 p.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69e3e77a78288190aa76912e0fa821b5 completed April 18, 2026, 8:20 p.m.
Created at: April 8, 2026, 9:27 p.m.