Triple

T2389091
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Edwin Hubble E48897 entity
Predicate notableWork P4 FINISHED
Object A Relation between Distance and Radial Velocity among Extra-Galactic Nebulae
"A Relation between Distance and Radial Velocity among Extra-Galactic Nebulae" is Edwin Hubble’s landmark 1929 paper that established the linear relationship between galaxies’ distances and their recessional velocities, providing the first strong evidence for the expanding universe.
E261927 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: A Relation between Distance and Radial Velocity among Extra-Galactic Nebulae | Statement: [Edwin Hubble, notableWork, A Relation between Distance and Radial Velocity among Extra-Galactic Nebulae]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: A Relation between Distance and Radial Velocity among Extra-Galactic Nebulae
Context triple: [Edwin Hubble, notableWork, A Relation between Distance and Radial Velocity among Extra-Galactic Nebulae]
  • A. Tolman surface brightness test
    The Tolman surface brightness test is an observational cosmology method that checks whether the universe is expanding by examining how the surface brightness of distant galaxies diminishes with redshift.
  • B. Faber–Jackson relation paper
    The Faber–Jackson relation paper is a landmark astrophysics publication that established a correlation between the luminosity and stellar velocity dispersion of elliptical galaxies, providing key insights into their structure and evolution.
  • C. Zwicky catalog of galaxies
    The Zwicky catalog of galaxies is an influential astronomical catalog compiled by Swiss astronomer Fritz Zwicky that systematically lists and classifies thousands of galaxies and galaxy clusters.
  • D. On the Relations between the Spectra and Other Characteristics of the Stars
    "On the Relations between the Spectra and Other Characteristics of the Stars" is a landmark 1914 paper by Henry Norris Russell that helped establish the relationship between stellar spectral type, luminosity, and other properties, laying groundwork for the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram and modern stellar astrophysics.
  • E. The Motion of Stars
    The Motion of Stars is a 1910 silent short film directed by D.W. Griffith that explores astronomical themes through early cinematic techniques.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: A Relation between Distance and Radial Velocity among Extra-Galactic Nebulae
Triple: [Edwin Hubble, notableWork, A Relation between Distance and Radial Velocity among Extra-Galactic Nebulae]
Generated description
"A Relation between Distance and Radial Velocity among Extra-Galactic Nebulae" is Edwin Hubble’s landmark 1929 paper that established the linear relationship between galaxies’ distances and their recessional velocities, providing the first strong evidence for the expanding universe.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: A Relation between Distance and Radial Velocity among Extra-Galactic Nebulae
Target entity description: "A Relation between Distance and Radial Velocity among Extra-Galactic Nebulae" is Edwin Hubble’s landmark 1929 paper that established the linear relationship between galaxies’ distances and their recessional velocities, providing the first strong evidence for the expanding universe.
  • A. Tolman surface brightness test
    The Tolman surface brightness test is an observational cosmology method that checks whether the universe is expanding by examining how the surface brightness of distant galaxies diminishes with redshift.
  • B. Faber–Jackson relation paper
    The Faber–Jackson relation paper is a landmark astrophysics publication that established a correlation between the luminosity and stellar velocity dispersion of elliptical galaxies, providing key insights into their structure and evolution.
  • C. Zwicky catalog of galaxies
    The Zwicky catalog of galaxies is an influential astronomical catalog compiled by Swiss astronomer Fritz Zwicky that systematically lists and classifies thousands of galaxies and galaxy clusters.
  • D. On the Relations between the Spectra and Other Characteristics of the Stars
    "On the Relations between the Spectra and Other Characteristics of the Stars" is a landmark 1914 paper by Henry Norris Russell that helped establish the relationship between stellar spectral type, luminosity, and other properties, laying groundwork for the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram and modern stellar astrophysics.
  • E. The Motion of Stars
    The Motion of Stars is a 1910 silent short film directed by D.W. Griffith that explores astronomical themes through early cinematic techniques.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69a88aa5f63081908d07fd302029fcbd completed March 4, 2026, 7:40 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69abc7dca9248190b634ae9e02f6899a completed March 7, 2026, 6:38 a.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69aeb3d2ad588190a2cf3adab6a9404d completed March 9, 2026, 11:49 a.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69aeb40b12d0819092b6c441580698a5 completed March 9, 2026, 11:50 a.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69aeb471c0408190bfb2341899d44dba completed March 9, 2026, 11:52 a.m.
Created at: March 4, 2026, 7:57 p.m.