Triple
T2389091
| Position | Surface form | Disambiguated ID | Type / Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subject | Edwin Hubble |
E48897
|
entity |
| Predicate | notableWork |
P4
|
FINISHED |
| Object |
A Relation between Distance and Radial Velocity among Extra-Galactic Nebulae
"A Relation between Distance and Radial Velocity among Extra-Galactic Nebulae" is Edwin Hubble’s landmark 1929 paper that established the linear relationship between galaxies’ distances and their recessional velocities, providing the first strong evidence for the expanding universe.
|
E261927
|
NE FINISHED |
How this triple was built (4 steps)
Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.
NER
Named-entity recognition
gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: A Relation between Distance and Radial Velocity among Extra-Galactic Nebulae | Statement: [Edwin Hubble, notableWork, A Relation between Distance and Radial Velocity among Extra-Galactic Nebulae]
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: A Relation between Distance and Radial Velocity among Extra-Galactic Nebulae Context triple: [Edwin Hubble, notableWork, A Relation between Distance and Radial Velocity among Extra-Galactic Nebulae]
-
A.
Tolman surface brightness test
The Tolman surface brightness test is an observational cosmology method that checks whether the universe is expanding by examining how the surface brightness of distant galaxies diminishes with redshift.
-
B.
Faber–Jackson relation paper
The Faber–Jackson relation paper is a landmark astrophysics publication that established a correlation between the luminosity and stellar velocity dispersion of elliptical galaxies, providing key insights into their structure and evolution.
-
C.
Zwicky catalog of galaxies
The Zwicky catalog of galaxies is an influential astronomical catalog compiled by Swiss astronomer Fritz Zwicky that systematically lists and classifies thousands of galaxies and galaxy clusters.
-
D.
On the Relations between the Spectra and Other Characteristics of the Stars
"On the Relations between the Spectra and Other Characteristics of the Stars" is a landmark 1914 paper by Henry Norris Russell that helped establish the relationship between stellar spectral type, luminosity, and other properties, laying groundwork for the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram and modern stellar astrophysics.
-
E.
The Motion of Stars
The Motion of Stars is a 1910 silent short film directed by D.W. Griffith that explores astronomical themes through early cinematic techniques.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg
Description generation
gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. # Instructions Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential. # Response Format Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: A Relation between Distance and Radial Velocity among Extra-Galactic Nebulae Triple: [Edwin Hubble, notableWork, A Relation between Distance and Radial Velocity among Extra-Galactic Nebulae]
Generated description
"A Relation between Distance and Radial Velocity among Extra-Galactic Nebulae" is Edwin Hubble’s landmark 1929 paper that established the linear relationship between galaxies’ distances and their recessional velocities, providing the first strong evidence for the expanding universe.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: A Relation between Distance and Radial Velocity among Extra-Galactic Nebulae Target entity description: "A Relation between Distance and Radial Velocity among Extra-Galactic Nebulae" is Edwin Hubble’s landmark 1929 paper that established the linear relationship between galaxies’ distances and their recessional velocities, providing the first strong evidence for the expanding universe.
-
A.
Tolman surface brightness test
The Tolman surface brightness test is an observational cosmology method that checks whether the universe is expanding by examining how the surface brightness of distant galaxies diminishes with redshift.
-
B.
Faber–Jackson relation paper
The Faber–Jackson relation paper is a landmark astrophysics publication that established a correlation between the luminosity and stellar velocity dispersion of elliptical galaxies, providing key insights into their structure and evolution.
-
C.
Zwicky catalog of galaxies
The Zwicky catalog of galaxies is an influential astronomical catalog compiled by Swiss astronomer Fritz Zwicky that systematically lists and classifies thousands of galaxies and galaxy clusters.
-
D.
On the Relations between the Spectra and Other Characteristics of the Stars
"On the Relations between the Spectra and Other Characteristics of the Stars" is a landmark 1914 paper by Henry Norris Russell that helped establish the relationship between stellar spectral type, luminosity, and other properties, laying groundwork for the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram and modern stellar astrophysics.
-
E.
The Motion of Stars
The Motion of Stars is a 1910 silent short film directed by D.W. Griffith that explores astronomical themes through early cinematic techniques.
- F. None of above. chosen
Provenance (5 batches)
The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.
| Step | Stage | Batch ID | Status | When |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| creating | Elicitation | batch_69a88aa5f63081908d07fd302029fcbd |
completed | March 4, 2026, 7:40 p.m. |
| NER | Named-entity recognition | batch_69abc7dca9248190b634ae9e02f6899a |
completed | March 7, 2026, 6:38 a.m. |
| NED1 | Entity disambiguation (via context triple) | batch_69aeb3d2ad588190a2cf3adab6a9404d |
completed | March 9, 2026, 11:49 a.m. |
| NEDg | Description generation | batch_69aeb40b12d0819092b6c441580698a5 |
completed | March 9, 2026, 11:50 a.m. |
| NED2 | Entity disambiguation (via description) | batch_69aeb471c0408190bfb2341899d44dba |
completed | March 9, 2026, 11:52 a.m. |
Created at: March 4, 2026, 7:57 p.m.