Triple
T11078529
| Position | Surface form | Disambiguated ID | Type / Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subject | A Relation between Distance and Radial Velocity among Extra-Galactic Nebulae |
E261927
|
entity |
| Predicate | citationStyleTitle |
P1116
|
FINISHED |
| Object | A Relation between Distance and Radial Velocity among Extra-Galactic Nebulae |
E261927
|
NE FINISHED |
How this triple was built (2 steps)
Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.
NER
Named-entity recognition
gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: A Relation between Distance and Radial Velocity among Extra-Galactic Nebulae | Statement: [A Relation between Distance and Radial Velocity among Extra-Galactic Nebulae, citationStyleTitle, A Relation between Distance and Radial Velocity among Extra-Galactic Nebulae]
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: A Relation between Distance and Radial Velocity among Extra-Galactic Nebulae Context triple: [A Relation between Distance and Radial Velocity among Extra-Galactic Nebulae, citationStyleTitle, A Relation between Distance and Radial Velocity among Extra-Galactic Nebulae]
-
A.
A Relation between Distance and Radial Velocity among Extra-Galactic Nebulae
chosen
"A Relation between Distance and Radial Velocity among Extra-Galactic Nebulae" is Edwin Hubble’s landmark 1929 paper that established the linear relationship between galaxies’ distances and their recessional velocities, providing the first strong evidence for the expanding universe.
-
B.
Hubble–Humason galaxy redshift measurements
The Hubble–Humason galaxy redshift measurements are a landmark set of observations that extended and refined Edwin Hubble’s work on the expanding universe by systematically measuring the redshifts of distant galaxies.
-
C.
Tully-Fisher relation distances
Tully-Fisher relation distances are galaxy distance measurements derived from the empirical correlation between a spiral galaxy’s luminosity and its rotational velocity.
-
D.
Tolman surface brightness test
The Tolman surface brightness test is an observational cosmology method that checks whether the universe is expanding by examining how the surface brightness of distant galaxies diminishes with redshift.
-
E.
Faber–Jackson relation paper
The Faber–Jackson relation paper is a landmark astrophysics publication that established a correlation between the luminosity and stellar velocity dispersion of elliptical galaxies, providing key insights into their structure and evolution.
- F. None of above.
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
Provenance (3 batches)
The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.
| Step | Stage | Batch ID | Status | When |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| creating | Elicitation | batch_69d6aa9983c08190b0ef61603b69feac |
completed | April 8, 2026, 7:20 p.m. |
| NER | Named-entity recognition | batch_69d799953d58819096b645a1377e70f2 |
completed | April 9, 2026, 12:20 p.m. |
| NED1 | Entity disambiguation (via context triple) | batch_69e3c8d4f22881909fa3d094a19b0a14 |
completed | April 18, 2026, 6:09 p.m. |
Created at: April 8, 2026, 9:27 p.m.