Dennard scaling
E232504
Dennard scaling is a principle in microelectronics stating that as transistors shrink, their power density stays constant, allowing higher clock speeds and more transistors per chip without increasing overall power consumption.
All labels observed (2)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Dennard scaling canonical | 4 |
| MOS transistor scaling theory | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T2088718 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Dennard scaling Context triple: [Moore's law, relatedConcept, Dennard scaling]
-
A.
Moore's law
Moore's law is an observation and prediction that the number of transistors on an integrated circuit—and thus computing power—tends to roughly double at regular intervals, driving exponential growth in digital technology.
-
B.
“Cramming more components onto integrated circuits”
“Cramming more components onto integrated circuits” is the landmark 1965 article by Gordon E. Moore that introduced the observation later known as Moore’s Law, predicting the exponential growth of transistor density on integrated circuits.
-
C.
Amdahl's law
Amdahl's law is a formula in computer architecture and parallel computing that predicts the maximum performance improvement achievable by parallelizing parts of a system, given that some portion must remain serial.
-
D.
RISC architecture
RISC architecture is a CPU design philosophy that uses a small, highly optimized set of simple instructions to achieve high performance and efficiency.
-
E.
Xe-HPG microarchitecture
Xe-HPG microarchitecture is Intel’s high-performance gaming-oriented GPU architecture designed to power its discrete Arc graphics cards with advanced features like hardware-accelerated ray tracing.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Dennard scaling Target entity description: Dennard scaling is a principle in microelectronics stating that as transistors shrink, their power density stays constant, allowing higher clock speeds and more transistors per chip without increasing overall power consumption.
-
A.
Moore's law
Moore's law is an observation and prediction that the number of transistors on an integrated circuit—and thus computing power—tends to roughly double at regular intervals, driving exponential growth in digital technology.
-
B.
“Cramming more components onto integrated circuits”
“Cramming more components onto integrated circuits” is the landmark 1965 article by Gordon E. Moore that introduced the observation later known as Moore’s Law, predicting the exponential growth of transistor density on integrated circuits.
-
C.
Amdahl's law
Amdahl's law is a formula in computer architecture and parallel computing that predicts the maximum performance improvement achievable by parallelizing parts of a system, given that some portion must remain serial.
-
D.
RISC architecture
RISC architecture is a CPU design philosophy that uses a small, highly optimized set of simple instructions to achieve high performance and efficiency.
-
E.
Xe-HPG microarchitecture
Xe-HPG microarchitecture is Intel’s high-performance gaming-oriented GPU architecture designed to power its discrete Arc graphics cards with advanced features like hardware-accelerated ray tracing.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (47)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
principle in microelectronics
ⓘ
scaling law ⓘ |
| appliesTo |
CMOS technology
ⓘ
MOSFET transistors ⓘ |
| assumes |
constant electric field scaling
ⓘ
supply voltage scales down with feature size ⓘ threshold voltage scales with device dimensions ⓘ |
| breakdownCause |
leakage currents
ⓘ
power density constraints ⓘ voltage scaling limits ⓘ |
| consequenceOfBreakdown |
greater emphasis on energy efficiency
ⓘ
greater emphasis on parallelism ⓘ shift toward multicore processors ⓘ thermal limits on further clock frequency increases ⓘ |
| contrastsWith | post-Dennard scaling era ⓘ |
| coreIdea |
as transistors shrink, power density remains approximately constant
ⓘ
smaller transistors allow higher clock frequencies without increasing power density ⓘ smaller transistors allow more devices per chip at similar total power ⓘ transistor dimensions, voltage, and current scale together ⓘ |
| describedIn | “Design of ion-implanted MOSFET’s with very small physical dimensions” ⓘ |
| enabled |
increasing transistor counts without proportional power increase
ⓘ
rapid increase in microprocessor clock speeds in the 1980s and 1990s ⓘ |
| field |
computer architecture
ⓘ
microelectronics ⓘ semiconductor technology ⓘ |
| hasConcept |
capacitance scaling
ⓘ
constant power density ⓘ current density scaling ⓘ delay scaling ⓘ feature size scaling ⓘ voltage scaling ⓘ |
| historicalStatus | held approximately from the 1970s to the early 2000s ⓘ |
| implies |
clock frequency can increase with each technology node
ⓘ
higher integration density at similar power budgets ⓘ power per transistor decreases as transistors shrink ⓘ switching delay decreases with smaller transistors ⓘ |
| influences |
chip power budgeting
ⓘ
microprocessor design trade-offs ⓘ technology node scaling strategies ⓘ |
| namedAfter | Robert H. Dennard ⓘ |
| relatedTo |
Moore's law
ⓘ
surface form:
Moore’s law
|
| statedIn | 1974 ⓘ |
| status | has largely broken down in modern process nodes ⓘ |
| supports | historical CPU performance scaling ⓘ |
| timePeriod | prevalent during planar CMOS scaling era ⓘ |
| usedBy |
microprocessor performance projections
ⓘ
semiconductor industry roadmaps ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Dennard scaling Description of subject: Dennard scaling is a principle in microelectronics stating that as transistors shrink, their power density stays constant, allowing higher clock speeds and more transistors per chip without increasing overall power consumption.
Referenced by (5)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
subject surface form:
Cramming more components onto integrated circuits
this entity surface form:
MOS transistor scaling theory