Religious Freedom Restoration Act

E5195

United States federal statute religious freedom law

The Religious Freedom Restoration Act is a 1993 U.S. federal law that aims to protect individuals’ religious practices from substantial government burdens unless justified by a compelling governmental interest pursued through the least restrictive means.

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All labels observed (5)

Label	Occurrences
Religious Freedom Restoration Act canonical	12
Religious Freedom Restoration Act of 1993	9
RFRA	2
An Act To protect religious liberty, and for other purposes	1
RFRA of 1993	1

Statements (48)

Predicate	Object
instanceOf	United States federal statute ⓘ religious freedom law ⓘ
appliesTo	federal government actions ⓘ
codifiedAt	42 U.S.C. § 2000bb ⓘ 42 U.S.C. § 2000bb-1 ⓘ 42 U.S.C. § 2000bb-4 ⓘ
codifiedIn	United States Code ⓘ
country	United States of America ⓘ surface form: United States
dateSigned	1993-11-16 ⓘ
effectiveDate	1993-11-16 ⓘ
enactedBy	103rd United States Congress ⓘ
hasSection	42 U.S.C. § 2000bb-1(a) ⓘ 42 U.S.C. § 2000bb-1(b) ⓘ 42 U.S.C. § 2000bb-1(c) ⓘ
heldUnconstitutionalAsTo	state and local governments ⓘ
influenced	state Religious Freedom Restoration Acts ⓘ
legalTestRestored	Sherbert test ⓘ compelling interest test for free exercise claims ⓘ
limitedByCourtCase	City of Boerne v. Flores ⓘ
limitedByCourtCaseYear	1997 ⓘ
motivatedBy	Employment Division v. Smith ⓘ
originallyAppliedTo	federal government ⓘ state governments ⓘ
protects	religious exercise of individuals ⓘ religious exercise of other entities ⓘ religious exercise of religious organizations ⓘ
provides	affirmative defense in judicial proceedings ⓘ cause of action for individuals ⓘ
publicLawNumber	Public Law 103-141 ⓘ
purpose	to protect the free exercise of religion ⓘ to provide a claim or defense to persons whose religious exercise is substantially burdened by government ⓘ to restore the compelling interest test for laws burdening religious exercise ⓘ
relatedTo	First Amendment to the United States Constitution ⓘ Free Exercise Clause ⓘ
requiresShowing	substantial burden on religious exercise ⓘ
shortName	Religious Freedom Restoration Act self-linksurface differs ⓘ surface form: RFRA
signedBy	Bill Clinton ⓘ
sponsorInHouse	Charles Schumer ⓘ
sponsorInSenate	Edward M. Kennedy ⓘ surface form: Ted Kennedy
standardImposedOnGovernment	compelling governmental interest ⓘ least restrictive means ⓘ
statutesAtLargeCitation	107 Stat. 1488 ⓘ
stillAppliesTo	federal government agencies ⓘ federal law ⓘ
supportedBy	bipartisan coalition ⓘ civil liberties groups ⓘ religious organizations ⓘ
yearEnacted	1993 ⓘ

Referenced by (25)

Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.

Free Exercise Clause → relatedLegislation → Religious Freedom Restoration Act ⓘ

Native American Church → legalProtection → Religious Freedom Restoration Act ⓘ

Religious Freedom Restoration Act → shortName → Religious Freedom Restoration Act self-linksurface differs ⓘ

this entity surface form: RFRA

Religious Land Use and Institutionalized Persons Act → basedOn → Religious Freedom Restoration Act ⓘ

Sherbert v. Verner → influenced → Religious Freedom Restoration Act ⓘ

this entity surface form: Religious Freedom Restoration Act of 1993

American Indian Religious Freedom Act Amendments of 1994 → relatedTo → Religious Freedom Restoration Act ⓘ

Employment Division v. Smith → hasSubsequentLegislationInfluenced → Religious Freedom Restoration Act ⓘ

this entity surface form: Religious Freedom Restoration Act of 1993

Burwell v. Hobby Lobby Stores, Inc. → statuteInterpreted → Religious Freedom Restoration Act ⓘ

this entity surface form: Religious Freedom Restoration Act of 1993

103rd United States Congress → enactedLaw → Religious Freedom Restoration Act ⓘ

this entity surface form: Religious Freedom Restoration Act of 1993

Sherbert test → influenced → Religious Freedom Restoration Act ⓘ

Public Law 103-141 → hasTitle → Religious Freedom Restoration Act ⓘ

this entity surface form: Religious Freedom Restoration Act of 1993

Public Law 103-141 → shortTitle → Religious Freedom Restoration Act ⓘ

Public Law 103-141 → citationStyle → Religious Freedom Restoration Act ⓘ

this entity surface form: RFRA

Public Law 103-141 → alsoKnownAs → Religious Freedom Restoration Act ⓘ

this entity surface form: RFRA of 1993

City of Boerne v. Flores → statuteAtIssue → Religious Freedom Restoration Act ⓘ

this entity surface form: Religious Freedom Restoration Act of 1993

Public Law 106-274 → title → Religious Freedom Restoration Act ⓘ

this entity surface form: An Act To protect religious liberty, and for other purposes

Public Law 106-274 → relatedTo → Religious Freedom Restoration Act ⓘ

this entity surface form: Religious Freedom Restoration Act of 1993

Cutter v. Wilkinson → relatedTo → Religious Freedom Restoration Act ⓘ

American Indian Religious Freedom Act of 1978 → relatedTo → Religious Freedom Restoration Act ⓘ

United States sovereign immunity law → implementedBy → Religious Freedom Restoration Act ⓘ

106-274 → relatedTo → Religious Freedom Restoration Act ⓘ

this entity surface form: Religious Freedom Restoration Act of 1993

42 U.S.C. § 2000cc et seq. → relatedTo → Religious Freedom Restoration Act ⓘ

42 U.S.C. § 2000cc-4 → relatedTo → Religious Freedom Restoration Act ⓘ

this entity surface form: Religious Freedom Restoration Act of 1993

AIRFA → relatedTo → Religious Freedom Restoration Act ⓘ

subject surface form: American Indian Religious Freedom Act

Public Law 95-341 → relatedTo → Religious Freedom Restoration Act ⓘ