Battle of Otumba

E28028

battle military engagement

The Battle of Otumba was a pivotal 1520 engagement in central Mexico where Hernán Cortés’s outnumbered Spanish and allied Indigenous forces defeated a large Aztec army, helping to secure the eventual fall of the Aztec Empire.

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All labels observed (2)

Label	Occurrences
Battle of Otumba canonical	5
Batalla de Otumba	1

How this entity was disambiguated

This entity first appeared as the object of triple T156485 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.

NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07

Target entity: Battle of Otumba
Context triple: [Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire, hasPart, Battle of Otumba]

A. Battle of Summa
The Battle of Summa was a major World War II engagement during the Winter War in which Finnish forces mounted a key defense against the Soviet Red Army along the Mannerheim Line in December 1939–February 1940.
B. Battle of Lagos
The Battle of Lagos was a 1759 naval engagement in which the British fleet decisively defeated the French off the coast of Portugal, helping secure British control of the seas during the Seven Years' War.
C. Battle of Lenino
The Battle of Lenino was a World War II Eastern Front engagement in October 1943 in which newly formed Polish forces fighting alongside the Soviet Red Army saw their first major combat against German troops.
D. Battle of Mokra
The Battle of Mokra was a 1939 World War II engagement in which Polish forces successfully ambushed and temporarily halted advancing German armored units during the invasion of Poland.
E. Battle of Kollaa
The Battle of Kollaa was a notable engagement of the Winter War in which vastly outnumbered Finnish forces successfully held defensive positions against repeated Soviet assaults in eastern Finland.
F. None of above. chosen
G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.

NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07

Target entity: Battle of Otumba
Target entity description: The Battle of Otumba was a pivotal 1520 engagement in central Mexico where Hernán Cortés’s outnumbered Spanish and allied Indigenous forces defeated a large Aztec army, helping to secure the eventual fall of the Aztec Empire.

A. Battle of Summa
The Battle of Summa was a major World War II engagement during the Winter War in which Finnish forces mounted a key defense against the Soviet Red Army along the Mannerheim Line in December 1939–February 1940.
B. Battle of Lagos
The Battle of Lagos was a 1759 naval engagement in which the British fleet decisively defeated the French off the coast of Portugal, helping secure British control of the seas during the Seven Years' War.
C. Battle of Lenino
The Battle of Lenino was a World War II Eastern Front engagement in October 1943 in which newly formed Polish forces fighting alongside the Soviet Red Army saw their first major combat against German troops.
D. Battle of Mokra
The Battle of Mokra was a 1939 World War II engagement in which Polish forces successfully ambushed and temporarily halted advancing German armored units during the invasion of Poland.
E. Battle of Kollaa
The Battle of Kollaa was a notable engagement of the Winter War in which vastly outnumbered Finnish forces successfully held defensive positions against repeated Soviet assaults in eastern Finland.
F. None of above. chosen

Statements (47)

Predicate	Object
instanceOf	battle ⓘ military engagement ⓘ
alsoKnownAs	Battle of Otumba ⓘ surface form: Batalla de Otumba
approximateStrengthAztecSide	tens of thousands of warriors ⓘ
approximateStrengthSpanishSide	several hundred Spanish soldiers ⓘ thousands of Indigenous allies ⓘ
belligerent	Aztec Empire ⓘ Indigenous allies of the Spanish ⓘ Spanish forces ⓘ
chronology	fought shortly after the Spanish escape from Tenochtitlan ⓘ
combatant	Aztec warriors ⓘ Hernán Cortés’s expeditionary force ⓘ Tlaxcalan warriors allied with Spain ⓘ
commander	Aztec noble and military leaders ⓘ Cuitláhuac ⓘ Hernán Cortés ⓘ
conflict	Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire ⓘ
countryAtTime	Aztec Empire ⓘ
date	1520-07-14 ⓘ
followedBy	Spanish retreat to Tlaxcala ⓘ
historicalEra	Age of Exploration ⓘ surface form: Age of Discovery early 16th century ⓘ
impact	boosted morale of Spanish and their Indigenous allies ⓘ weakened Aztec military position in central Mexico ⓘ
involvedEntity	Aztec Empire ⓘ Spanish Empire ⓘ Tlaxcala ⓘ
location	Otumba, central Mexico ⓘ Valley of Mexico ⓘ
notableEvent	killing of key Aztec leaders during the battle ⓘ
notableTactic	Spanish cavalry charges against Aztec formations ⓘ
opponentWeaponUsed	obsidian-bladed macuahuitl ⓘ spears and atlatls ⓘ
partOf	Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire ⓘ
precededBy	La Noche Triste ⓘ
relatedEvent	Siege of Tenochtitlan ⓘ surface form: Fall of Tenochtitlan (1521)
relatedPlace	Tenochtitlan ⓘ Tlaxcala ⓘ
result	Spanish and allied Indigenous victory ⓘ
significance	allowed Cortés to preserve his army after retreat from Tenochtitlan ⓘ helped secure the eventual fall of the Aztec Empire ⓘ pivotal engagement in the Spanish conquest of central Mexico ⓘ
theater	Mesoamerican mainland ⓘ
weaponUsed	Spanish cavalry ⓘ crossbows and firearms ⓘ steel swords and lances ⓘ
year	1520 ⓘ

How these facts were elicited

Referenced by (6)

Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.

Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire → hasPart → Battle of Otumba ⓘ

La Noche Triste → followedBy → Battle of Otumba ⓘ

Battle of Otumba → alsoKnownAs → Battle of Otumba ⓘ

this entity surface form: Batalla de Otumba

Siege of Tenochtitlan → precededBy → Battle of Otumba ⓘ

Otumba, central Mexico → historicallyNotableFor → Battle of Otumba ⓘ

subject surface form: Otumba

Otumba, central Mexico → hasHistoricalEvent → Battle of Otumba ⓘ