Malayo-Polynesian languages
E26283
Malayo-Polynesian languages are a major branch of the Austronesian language family spoken across Southeast Asia, Madagascar, and the Pacific, including languages such as Indonesian, Tagalog, Javanese, and Malagasy.
All labels observed (12)
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T200633 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Malayo-Polynesian languages Context triple: [Austronesian languages, hasSubfamily, Malayo-Polynesian languages]
-
A.
Austronesian languages
Austronesian languages are a large and widely dispersed language family spoken across maritime Southeast Asia, Madagascar, the Pacific Islands, and parts of mainland Asia.
-
B.
Philippine–Cordilleran languages
The Philippine–Cordilleran languages are a major subgroup of the Austronesian language family spoken primarily in the northern Philippines, encompassing numerous indigenous languages of the Cordillera region and surrounding areas.
-
C.
Penutian languages
Penutian languages are a proposed family of Native American languages spoken primarily in the western United States, noted for their controversial genetic relationships and inclusion of several distinct regional language groups.
-
D.
Ryukyuan languages
The Ryukyuan languages are a group of closely related but distinct Japonic languages traditionally spoken in Japan’s Ryukyu Islands, many of which are now endangered.
-
E.
Japonic languages
The Japonic languages are a small language family that includes Japanese and the Ryukyuan languages, spoken primarily in Japan and the Ryukyu Islands of East Asia.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Malayo-Polynesian languages Target entity description: Malayo-Polynesian languages are a major branch of the Austronesian language family spoken across Southeast Asia, Madagascar, and the Pacific, including languages such as Indonesian, Tagalog, Javanese, and Malagasy.
-
A.
Austronesian languages
Austronesian languages are a large and widely dispersed language family spoken across maritime Southeast Asia, Madagascar, the Pacific Islands, and parts of mainland Asia.
-
B.
Philippine–Cordilleran languages
The Philippine–Cordilleran languages are a major subgroup of the Austronesian language family spoken primarily in the northern Philippines, encompassing numerous indigenous languages of the Cordillera region and surrounding areas.
-
C.
Penutian languages
Penutian languages are a proposed family of Native American languages spoken primarily in the western United States, noted for their controversial genetic relationships and inclusion of several distinct regional language groups.
-
D.
Ryukyuan languages
The Ryukyuan languages are a group of closely related but distinct Japonic languages traditionally spoken in Japan’s Ryukyu Islands, many of which are now endangered.
-
E.
Japonic languages
The Japonic languages are a small language family that includes Japanese and the Ryukyuan languages, spoken primarily in Japan and the Ryukyu Islands of East Asia.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (83)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
Austronesian subgroup
ⓘ
language family branch ⓘ |
| areSpokenBy |
Austronesian peoples
ⓘ
Filipino ⓘ
surface form:
Filipino peoples
Javanese people ⓘ Malagasy people ⓘ Malay peoples ⓘ Melanesian peoples ⓘ Micronesians ⓘ
surface form:
Micronesian peoples
Polynesians ⓘ
surface form:
Polynesian peoples
|
| geneticRelation | Formosan languages ⓘ |
| geographicDistribution |
from Madagascar in the west to Easter Island in the east
ⓘ
from Taiwan in the north to New Zealand in the south ⓘ |
| hasAlternativeName |
Formosan languages
ⓘ
surface form:
Extra-Formosan languages
Malayo-Polynesian languages ⓘ
surface form:
Malayo-Polynesian
|
| hasApproximateNumberOfLanguages | over 1000 ⓘ |
| hasApproximateNumberOfSpeakers | hundreds of millions ⓘ |
| hasMajorContactLanguage |
Arabic
ⓘ
Dutch ⓘ English ⓘ Portuguese language ⓘ
surface form:
Portuguese
Sanskrit ⓘ Spanish ⓘ |
| hasSubgroup |
Bornean languages
ⓘ
Celebic languages ⓘ Central Malayo-Polynesian languages ⓘ Central Malayo-Polynesian languages ⓘ
surface form:
Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian languages
Eastern Malayo-Polynesian languages ⓘ Oceanic languages ⓘ Philippine languages ⓘ South Sulawesi languages ⓘ Sunda-Sulawesi languages ⓘ Western Malayo-Polynesian (traditional classification) ⓘ
surface form:
Western Malayo-Polynesian languages
|
| historicalOrigin |
Formosan languages
ⓘ
surface form:
Taiwan (Austronesian homeland hypothesis)
|
| includesLanguage |
Balinese language
ⓘ
Bikol language ⓘ Cebuano language ⓘ Chamorro ⓘ
surface form:
Chamorro language
Fijian language ⓘ Filipino language ⓘ Hawaiian language ⓘ Ilocano language ⓘ Indonesian language ⓘ Javanese ⓘ
surface form:
Javanese language
Madurese ⓘ
surface form:
Madurese language
Malagasy language ⓘ Malay language ⓘ Māori ⓘ
surface form:
Maori language
Palauan ⓘ
surface form:
Palauan language
Samoan language ⓘ Sundanese ⓘ
surface form:
Sundanese language
Tagalog ⓘ
surface form:
Tagalog language
Tahitian language ⓘ Tongan language ⓘ |
| languageFamily |
Austronesian languages
ⓘ
surface form:
Austronesian language family
|
| partOf |
Austronesian languages
ⓘ
surface form:
Austronesian language family
|
| spokenIn |
Brunei Darussalam
ⓘ
surface form:
Brunei
Timor-Leste ⓘ
surface form:
East Timor
Hawaii ⓘ Indonesia ⓘ Madagascar ⓘ Malaysia ⓘ Maritime Southeast Asia ⓘ Melanesia ⓘ Micronesia ⓘ New Zealand ⓘ Oceania ⓘ Pacific Ocean region ⓘ Papua New Guinea ⓘ Philippines ⓘ Polynesia ⓘ Southeast Asia ⓘ Taiwan, Province of China ⓘ
surface form:
Taiwan (offshore islands)
|
| subclassOf | Austronesian languages ⓘ |
| typicalMorphology | agglutinative ⓘ |
| typicalPhonology | small to moderate phoneme inventories ⓘ |
| typicalWordOrder | SVO ⓘ |
| writingSystem |
Jawi script
ⓘ
surface form:
Arabic script (Jawi)
Balinese script ⓘ
surface form:
Balinese script (historical)
Baybayin ⓘ
surface form:
Baybayin (historical)
Javanese script (historical) ⓘ Latin script ⓘ Lontara script ⓘ
surface form:
Lontara script (historical)
|
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Malayo-Polynesian languages Description of subject: Malayo-Polynesian languages are a major branch of the Austronesian language family spoken across Southeast Asia, Madagascar, and the Pacific, including languages such as Indonesian, Tagalog, Javanese, and Malagasy.
Referenced by (617)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
this entity surface form:
Malayo-Polynesian
this entity surface form:
Malayo-Polynesian
this entity surface form:
Malayo-Polynesian
this entity surface form:
Malayo-Polynesian
this entity surface form:
Malayo-Polynesian
this entity surface form:
Malayo-Polynesian language group
this entity surface form:
Malayo-Polynesian
this entity surface form:
Malayo-Polynesian
this entity surface form:
Malayo-Polynesian
this entity surface form:
Malayo-Polynesian
Western Malayo-Polynesian (traditional classification)
→
hasSuperordinate
→
Malayo-Polynesian languages
ⓘ
this entity surface form:
Malayo-Polynesian
this entity surface form:
Malayo-Polynesian
this entity surface form:
Malayo-Polynesian
this entity surface form:
Malayo-Polynesian