Sunda-Sulawesi languages

E148163

Austronesian language subgroup proposed language group

The Sunda-Sulawesi languages are a proposed group of Austronesian languages spoken primarily in western and central Indonesia, including parts of Java, Sulawesi, and nearby islands.

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All labels observed (5)

Label	Occurrences
Makassaric languages	1
Malayo-Sumbawan languages	1
Sunda-Sulawesi languages canonical	1
Sunda-Sulawesi subgroup	1
Western Indonesian languages	1

How this entity was disambiguated

This entity first appeared as the object of triple T1223893 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.

NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07

Target entity: Sunda-Sulawesi languages
Context triple: [Malayo-Polynesian languages, hasSubgroup, Sunda-Sulawesi languages]

A. Gorontalo–Mongondow languages
The Gorontalo–Mongondow languages are a group of closely related Austronesian languages spoken primarily in northern Sulawesi, Indonesia.
B. Timor–Babar languages
The Timor–Babar languages are a subgroup of Austronesian languages spoken primarily on Timor and nearby islands in eastern Indonesia, noted for their complex phonologies and diverse grammatical structures.
C. Flores–Lembata languages
The Flores–Lembata languages are a subgroup of Austronesian languages spoken on the islands of Flores and Lembata in eastern Indonesia, known for their distinctive phonological and grammatical features within the region.
D. Bima–Sumba languages
The Bima–Sumba languages are a subgroup of Austronesian languages spoken primarily on the islands of Sumbawa and Sumba in eastern Indonesia.
E. Bungku–Tolaki languages
The Bungku–Tolaki languages are a subgroup of Austronesian languages spoken primarily in southeastern Sulawesi, Indonesia, known for their shared phonological and grammatical features within the Celebic branch.
F. None of above. chosen
G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.

NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07

Target entity: Sunda-Sulawesi languages
Target entity description: The Sunda-Sulawesi languages are a proposed group of Austronesian languages spoken primarily in western and central Indonesia, including parts of Java, Sulawesi, and nearby islands.

A. Gorontalo–Mongondow languages
The Gorontalo–Mongondow languages are a group of closely related Austronesian languages spoken primarily in northern Sulawesi, Indonesia.
B. Timor–Babar languages
The Timor–Babar languages are a subgroup of Austronesian languages spoken primarily on Timor and nearby islands in eastern Indonesia, noted for their complex phonologies and diverse grammatical structures.
C. Flores–Lembata languages
The Flores–Lembata languages are a subgroup of Austronesian languages spoken on the islands of Flores and Lembata in eastern Indonesia, known for their distinctive phonological and grammatical features within the region.
D. Bima–Sumba languages
The Bima–Sumba languages are a subgroup of Austronesian languages spoken primarily on the islands of Sumbawa and Sumba in eastern Indonesia.
E. Bungku–Tolaki languages
The Bungku–Tolaki languages are a subgroup of Austronesian languages spoken primarily in southeastern Sulawesi, Indonesia, known for their shared phonological and grammatical features within the Celebic branch.
F. None of above. chosen

Statements (47)

Predicate	Object
instanceOf	Austronesian language subgroup ⓘ proposed language group ⓘ
basedOn	lexical evidence ⓘ morphological evidence ⓘ phonological evidence ⓘ
country	Indonesia ⓘ
fieldOfStudy	Austronesian linguistics ⓘ historical linguistics ⓘ
geographicDistribution	islands of Java and Sulawesi and nearby islands ⓘ
hasAlternativeName	Sunda-Sulawesi hypothesis ⓘ Sunda-Sulawesi languages ⓘ surface form: Sunda-Sulawesi subgroup
hasCharacteristic	grouping of several major regional languages of Indonesia ⓘ spoken primarily in western and central Indonesia ⓘ
hasPart	Bali-Sasak-Sumbawa languages ⓘ Balinese language ⓘ Bima language ⓘ Buginese language ⓘ Celebic languages ⓘ Flores languages ⓘ Javanic languages ⓘ Kawi language ⓘ Lombok languages ⓘ Madurese ⓘ surface form: Madurese language Madurese-Javanese subgroup ⓘ Makassarese ⓘ surface form: Makassarese language Kawi (Old Javanese) ⓘ surface form: Old Javanese language Basa Sasak ⓘ surface form: Sasak language South Sulawesi languages ⓘ Bima–Sumba languages ⓘ surface form: Sumba languages Sundanese language ⓘ
languageFamilyColor	Austronesian languages ⓘ surface form: Austronesian
locatedInTime	late 20th century ⓘ
partOf	Malayo-Polynesian languages ⓘ
proposedBy	Alexander Adelaar ⓘ Robert Blust ⓘ
spokenIn	Java ⓘ Lesser Sunda Islands ⓘ Celebes ⓘ surface form: Sulawesi central Indonesia ⓘ western Indonesia ⓘ
status	controversial ⓘ not universally accepted ⓘ
subclassOf	Austronesian languages ⓘ
writingSystem	Balinese script ⓘ Javanese script ⓘ Latin alphabet ⓘ surface form: Latin script Lontara script ⓘ

How these facts were elicited

Referenced by (5)

Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.

Malayo-Polynesian languages → hasSubgroup → Sunda-Sulawesi languages ⓘ

Sunda-Sulawesi languages → hasAlternativeName → Sunda-Sulawesi languages ⓘ

this entity surface form: Sunda-Sulawesi subgroup

Balinese language → subfamily → Sunda-Sulawesi languages ⓘ

this entity surface form: Malayo-Sumbawan languages

Konjo language → isPartOf → Sunda-Sulawesi languages ⓘ

this entity surface form: Makassaric languages

Bakumpai language → belongsTo → Sunda-Sulawesi languages ⓘ

this entity surface form: Western Indonesian languages

All labels observed (5)

How this entity was disambiguated Show

Statements (47)

How these facts were elicited Show

Referenced by (5)

How this entity was disambiguated

How these facts were elicited