General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade

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The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) was a post–World War II multilateral treaty that governed international trade by reducing tariffs and other barriers, laying the foundation for the modern global trading system.

All labels observed (32)

How this entity was disambiguated

Statements (83)

Predicate Object
instanceOf international treaty
multilateral trade agreement
abbreviation General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade self-linksurface differs
surface form: GATT
aimsTo prevent protectionism
promote trade liberalization
provide a rules-based trading system
reduce non-tariff barriers to trade
reduce tariffs
appliesToJurisdiction member countries of GATT
basedOn Havana Charter negotiations
surface form: Havana Charter for an International Trade Organization
cameIntoForce 1 January 1948
concludedBy Uruguay Round agreements
continuedAs General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade self-linksurface differs
surface form: GATT 1994 under the WTO framework
countryOfOrigin Switzerland
dissolved 1 January 1995
draftedBy participating governments of 23 countries
fieldOfWork international trade
trade liberalization
follows Havana Charter negotiations
hasEffect creation of a multilateral trading system
expansion of world trade
reduction of average tariffs among industrialized countries
hasLegacy foundation of the modern multilateral trading system
hasPart General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade self-linksurface differs
surface form: Article I (Most-Favoured-Nation Treatment)

Article II (Schedules of Concessions)
Article III (National Treatment on Internal Taxation and Regulation)
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade self-linksurface differs
surface form: Article XI (General Elimination of Quantitative Restrictions)

Article XIX (Emergency Action on Imports of Particular Products)
Article XX (General Exceptions)
Article XXI (Security Exceptions)
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade self-linksurface differs
surface form: Article XXIV (Territorial Application—Frontier Traffic—Customs Unions and Free-trade Areas)

General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade self-linksurface differs
surface form: GATT Articles I–XXXVIII

GATT contracting parties meetings
GATT dispute settlement procedures
headquartersLocation Geneva
Switzerland
inception 1947
languageOfWorkOrName English
French
Spanish
legalSuccessor Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization
negotiationRound Annecy Round (1949)
Dillon Round (1960–1962)
Geneva Round (1947)
Kennedy Round (1964–1967)
Tokyo Round (1973–1979)
Torquay Round (1950–1951)
Uruguay Round (1986–1994)
numberOfMembers 128
originalSignatory Australia
Belgium
Brazil
Myanmar
surface form: Burma

Canada
Chile
Cuba
Czechoslovakia
Denmark
France
India
Lebanon
Luxembourg
Netherlands
New Zealand
Norway
Pakistan
South Africa
Zimbabwe
surface form: Southern Rhodesia

Sri Lanka
Syria
United Kingdom
United States of America
surface form: United States
partOf Bretton Woods system framework
post–World War II economic order
principle most-favoured-nation treatment
national treatment
reciprocity in trade concessions
tariffs as primary trade policy instrument
transparency in trade regulations
referredToAs General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
surface form: GATT 1947 in WTO context
replacedBy World Trade Organization
shortName General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade self-linksurface differs
surface form: GATT 1947
signedIn 1947

How these facts were elicited

Referenced by (171)

Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.

United States – Tax Treatment for “Foreign Sales Corporations” agreementInvoked General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
this entity surface form: GATT 1994
China – Measures Affecting Imports of Automobile Parts allegedInconsistencyWith General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
this entity surface form: GATT 1994
United States – Measures Concerning the Importation, Marketing and Sale of Tuna and Tuna Products agreementInvoked General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
this entity surface form: GATT 1994
European Communities – Measures Prohibiting the Importation and Marketing of Seal Products legalBasisInvoked General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
this entity surface form: GATT 1994
DS512 agreementCited General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
this entity surface form: General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1994
Ukraine (as third party in other disputes citing DS512) treatyContext General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
this entity surface form: General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1994
GATT Article XXI(b) is not entirely self-judging appliesTo General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
this entity surface form: GATT 1994
WTO document WT/DS512/R agreementInvoked General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
this entity surface form: General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1994
GATT 1994 Article V partOf General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
this entity surface form: General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1994
GATT security exceptions dispute basedOn General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
GATT security exceptions dispute governedBy General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
this entity surface form: GATT 1994
GATT 1994 Article XXI partOf General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
this entity surface form: General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1994
Article XIX:4 partOf General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
this entity surface form: General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1994
Article XIX:4 enteredIntoForceWith General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
this entity surface form: GATT 1947
Annecy Round partOf General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
Annecy Round basedOn General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
GATT contracting parties partOf General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
GATT contracting parties follows General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
GATT contracting parties legalBasis General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
this entity surface form: General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1947
Article XIX:5 sourceInstrument General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
this entity surface form: General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1994
TRIMs accord basedOn General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade