Permian Period

E93510

geological period stratigraphic unit

The Permian Period was the final period of the Paleozoic Era, marked by the diversification of reptiles and the largest mass extinction in Earth's history at its close.

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All labels observed (7)

Label	Occurrences
Permian Period canonical	15
Permian period	9
Permian	5
Permian System	4
Changhsingian	1
Middle Permian	1
Permian geological period	1

Statements (50)

Predicate	Object
instanceOf	geological period ⓘ stratigraphic unit ⓘ
approximateDuration	about 47 million years ⓘ
containsStage	Artinskian ⓘ Asselian ⓘ Capitanian ⓘ Permian Period self-linksurface differs ⓘ surface form: Changhsingian Kungurian ⓘ Roadian ⓘ Sakmarian ⓘ Wordian ⓘ Wuchiapingian ⓘ
endBoundaryDefinedBy	Meishan section China for base of Triassic ⓘ surface form: GSSP at Meishan, Zhejiang, China (base of Triassic)
endedWith	Permian–Triassic mass extinction ⓘ surface form: Permian–Triassic extinction event
endTime	approximately 251.9 million years ago ⓘ
followedByEvent	Mesozoic Era ⓘ
follows	Carboniferous period ⓘ surface form: Carboniferous Period
globalBoundaryStratotypeSectionAndPoint	GSSP at Aidaralash Creek, Kazakhstan (base of Asselian) ⓘ
hasCharacteristic	assembly of supercontinent Pangaea ⓘ decline of many marine invertebrate groups ⓘ development of therapsids ⓘ diversification of reptiles ⓘ expansion of gymnosperm forests ⓘ extensive evaporite deposition ⓘ largest mass extinction in Earth history ⓘ radiation of early conifers ⓘ reduction of coal-swamp ecosystems ⓘ widespread arid and continental climates ⓘ
hasSubdivision	Cisuralian Epoch ⓘ Guadalupian Epoch ⓘ Lopingian Epoch ⓘ
majorExtinctionLoss	many brachiopod groups ⓘ many fusulinid foraminifera ⓘ many reef-building organisms ⓘ trilobites ⓘ
namedAfter	Perm Krai ⓘ city of Perm ⓘ
namedBy	Roderick Murchison ⓘ
notableFauna	early archosauriforms ⓘ pelycosaurs ⓘ therapsids ⓘ
notableFlora	conifers ⓘ ginkgophytes ⓘ seed ferns ⓘ
partOf	Paleozoic Era ⓘ
positionInEon	Phanerozoic Eon ⓘ
positionInEra	last period of the Paleozoic Era ⓘ
precedes	Triassic ⓘ surface form: Triassic Period
startTime	approximately 298.9 million years ago ⓘ
timeNamed	1841 ⓘ

Referenced by (36)

Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.

Phanerozoic Eon → contains → Permian Period ⓘ

Appalachian orogeny → endTime → Permian Period ⓘ

Paleozoic Era → contains → Permian Period ⓘ

International Chronostratigraphic Chart → includes → Permian Period ⓘ

Carboniferous period → precedes → Permian Period ⓘ

this entity surface form: Permian period

Permian–Triassic mass extinction → marksBoundaryBetween → Permian Period ⓘ

this entity surface form: Permian period

Rose rock → geologicalAge → Permian Period ⓘ

this entity surface form: Permian

Permian Period → containsStage → Permian Period self-linksurface differs ⓘ

this entity surface form: Changhsingian

Variscan orogeny → endTime → Permian Period ⓘ

Kaibab Limestone → period → Permian Period ⓘ

this entity surface form: Permian period

Permian Basin → namedAfter → Permian Period ⓘ

this entity surface form: Permian period

Capitanian (Guadalupian) mass extinction → partOf → Permian Period ⓘ

this entity surface form: Permian period

Permian Garber Sandstone → geologicPeriod → Permian Period ⓘ

this entity surface form: Permian period

Wellington Formation → partOf → Permian Period ⓘ

this entity surface form: Permian System

Illawarra Coal Measures → geologicalPeriod → Permian Period ⓘ

this entity surface form: Permian

Massif de l’Esterel → age → Permian Period ⓘ

this entity surface form: Permian period

Cisuralian Epoch → partOf → Permian Period ⓘ

Cisuralian Epoch → earliestEpochOf → Permian Period ⓘ

Cisuralian Epoch → system → Permian Period ⓘ

this entity surface form: Permian System

Asselian → partOf → Permian Period ⓘ

Asselian → earliestAgeOf → Permian Period ⓘ

Sakmarian → partOf → Permian Period ⓘ

Sakmarian → system → Permian Period ⓘ

this entity surface form: Permian System

Wordian → partOf → Permian Period ⓘ

this entity surface form: Middle Permian

Wordian → partOf → Permian Period ⓘ

Wordian → system → Permian Period ⓘ

this entity surface form: Permian System

Wordian → subdivisionOf → Permian Period ⓘ

Wuchiapingian → partOf → Permian Period ⓘ

this entity surface form: Permian period

Wuchiapingian → system → Permian Period ⓘ

this entity surface form: Permian

GSSP at Aidaralash Creek, Kazakhstan (base of Asselian) → timeScaleUnit → Permian Period ⓘ

Guadalupian Epoch → partOf → Permian Period ⓘ

Lopingian Epoch → partOf → Permian Period ⓘ

Marathon orogeny → geologicalPeriod → Permian Period ⓘ

this entity surface form: Permian

Bowen Basin → geologicalPeriod → Permian Period ⓘ

this entity surface form: Permian

Acanthodii → lastAppearance → Permian Period ⓘ

this entity surface form: Permian period

Permian High School → namedAfter → Permian Period ⓘ

this entity surface form: Permian geological period