Gonzales v. Carhart
E649381
Gonzales v. Carhart is a 2007 U.S. Supreme Court decision that upheld the federal Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act, marking a significant shift in abortion jurisprudence by allowing broader government regulation of certain abortion procedures.
All labels observed (3)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Gonzales v. Carhart canonical | 3 |
| Gonzales v. Planned Parenthood Federation of America | 1 |
| United States Supreme Court case Gonzales v. Carhart | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T7193298 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Gonzales v. Carhart Context triple: [Stenberg v. Carhart, laterLimitedBy, Gonzales v. Carhart]
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A.
Stenberg v. Carhart
Stenberg v. Carhart is a 2000 U.S. Supreme Court decision that struck down a Nebraska law banning so-called “partial-birth abortion” as unconstitutional for lacking a health exception for the mother and imposing an undue burden on abortion access.
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B.
Planned Parenthood v. Abbott
Planned Parenthood v. Abbott is a 2013 federal court case in which abortion providers challenged Texas restrictions that imposed stringent requirements on abortion clinics and physicians, arguing they placed an undue burden on women seeking abortions.
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C.
Whole Woman’s Health v. Hellerstedt
Whole Woman’s Health v. Hellerstedt is a 2016 U.S. Supreme Court decision that struck down Texas abortion restrictions as imposing an undue burden on women’s constitutional right to access abortion.
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D.
Planned Parenthood v. Casey
Planned Parenthood v. Casey is a landmark 1992 U.S. Supreme Court decision that reaffirmed the constitutional right to abortion while allowing greater state regulation under the “undue burden” standard.
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E.
Burwell v. Hobby Lobby Stores, Inc.
Burwell v. Hobby Lobby Stores, Inc. is a 2014 U.S. Supreme Court case in which the Court held that closely held for-profit corporations can claim religious exemptions from certain federal regulations under the Religious Freedom Restoration Act.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Gonzales v. Carhart Target entity description: Gonzales v. Carhart is a 2007 U.S. Supreme Court decision that upheld the federal Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act, marking a significant shift in abortion jurisprudence by allowing broader government regulation of certain abortion procedures.
-
A.
Stenberg v. Carhart
Stenberg v. Carhart is a 2000 U.S. Supreme Court decision that struck down a Nebraska law banning so-called “partial-birth abortion” as unconstitutional for lacking a health exception for the mother and imposing an undue burden on abortion access.
-
B.
Planned Parenthood v. Abbott
Planned Parenthood v. Abbott is a 2013 federal court case in which abortion providers challenged Texas restrictions that imposed stringent requirements on abortion clinics and physicians, arguing they placed an undue burden on women seeking abortions.
-
C.
Whole Woman’s Health v. Hellerstedt
Whole Woman’s Health v. Hellerstedt is a 2016 U.S. Supreme Court decision that struck down Texas abortion restrictions as imposing an undue burden on women’s constitutional right to access abortion.
-
D.
Planned Parenthood v. Casey
Planned Parenthood v. Casey is a landmark 1992 U.S. Supreme Court decision that reaffirmed the constitutional right to abortion while allowing greater state regulation under the “undue burden” standard.
-
E.
Burwell v. Hobby Lobby Stores, Inc.
Burwell v. Hobby Lobby Stores, Inc. is a 2014 U.S. Supreme Court case in which the Court held that closely held for-profit corporations can claim religious exemptions from certain federal regulations under the Religious Freedom Restoration Act.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (47)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
United States Supreme Court case
ⓘ
abortion case ⓘ federal constitutional law case ⓘ |
| appliesConstitutionalProvision | Fourteenth Amendment Due Process Clause NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| challengesStatute | Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act of 2003 NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| characterizedAs | significant shift in U.S. abortion jurisprudence toward greater government regulation ⓘ |
| concernsMedicalProcedure |
intact dilation and extraction (intact D&E)
ⓘ
so-called partial-birth abortion ⓘ |
| hasCitation | 550 U.S. 124 ⓘ |
| hasCountry |
United States of America
ⓘ
surface form:
United States
|
| hasCourt | Supreme Court of the United States NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| hasDecisionDate | 2007-04-18 ⓘ |
| hasDissentingJustices |
David H. Souter
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
John Paul Stevens NERFINISHED ⓘ Ruth Bader Ginsburg NERFINISHED ⓘ Stephen G. Breyer NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| hasDissentOpinionBy | Ruth Bader Ginsburg NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| hasDocketNumber | 05-380 ⓘ |
| hasHolding |
Congress may ban a specific abortion method when other safe alternatives remain available
ⓘ
Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act of 2003 is constitutional on its face NERFINISHED ⓘ facial challenge fails because respondents did not show that the Act would be unconstitutional in a large fraction of relevant cases ⓘ federal ban on intact dilation and extraction does not impose an undue burden on a woman’s right to obtain an abortion ⓘ |
| hasImpact |
encouraged additional state and federal abortion regulations
ⓘ
narrowed scope of protections for abortion procedures compared to prior precedent ⓘ |
| hasLegalIssue |
constitutionality of federal ban on intact dilation and extraction abortion procedure
ⓘ
facial challenge to abortion regulation ⓘ scope of undue burden standard under Planned Parenthood v. Casey ⓘ |
| hasMajorityJustices |
Anthony M. Kennedy
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
Antonin Scalia NERFINISHED ⓘ Clarence Thomas NERFINISHED ⓘ John G. Roberts Jr. NERFINISHED ⓘ Samuel A. Alito Jr. NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| hasMajorityOpinionBy | Anthony M. Kennedy NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| hasPetitioner | Alberto R. Gonzales, Attorney General of the United States NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| hasRespondent |
LeRoy Carhart
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
other physicians performing abortions ⓘ |
| holdsRegardingHealthException | Congress may omit a health exception if there is medical uncertainty and other safe procedures are available ⓘ |
| interpretsPrecedent |
Planned Parenthood v. Casey
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
Roe v. Wade NERFINISHED ⓘ Stenberg v. Carhart NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| isFollowedBy | subsequent abortion regulation cases in lower federal courts ⓘ |
| overrulesInEffect | Stenberg v. Carhart (in part, regarding similar state ban) NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| relatesToRight | right to abortion ⓘ |
| standardApplied | undue burden standard ⓘ |
| typeOfChallenge | facial challenge to federal statute ⓘ |
| upholdsStatute | Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act of 2003 NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| yearDecided | 2007 ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Gonzales v. Carhart Description of subject: Gonzales v. Carhart is a 2007 U.S. Supreme Court decision that upheld the federal Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act, marking a significant shift in abortion jurisprudence by allowing broader government regulation of certain abortion procedures.
Referenced by (5)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
this entity surface form:
Gonzales v. Planned Parenthood Federation of America
subject surface form:
partial-birth abortion
this entity surface form:
United States Supreme Court case Gonzales v. Carhart