Section 4(b)
E58948
Section 4(b) is the provision of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 that established the coverage formula used to determine which jurisdictions were subject to federal preclearance before changing their voting laws.
All labels observed (1)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Section 4(b) canonical | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T470996 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Section 4(b) Context triple: [Voting Rights Act of 1965, containsSection, Section 4(b)]
-
A.
Section IV
Section IV is the portion of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code that establishes construction requirements for heating boilers, including design, materials, fabrication, testing, and inspection.
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B.
Clause 40
Clause 40 is a famous provision of the Magna Carta that promises royal justice will not be sold, denied, or delayed to any person.
-
C.
Section III
Section III is the portion of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code that establishes rules for the construction of nuclear facility components, including nuclear power plant vessels, piping, and supports.
-
D.
Clause 39
Clause 39 is a key provision of the Magna Carta that guarantees the right to due process by prohibiting arbitrary arrest, imprisonment, or dispossession except by lawful judgment or the law of the land.
-
E.
Section V
Section V is the part of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code that establishes requirements and methods for the nondestructive examination of materials and components used in pressure equipment.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Section 4(b) Target entity description: Section 4(b) is the provision of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 that established the coverage formula used to determine which jurisdictions were subject to federal preclearance before changing their voting laws.
-
A.
Section IV
Section IV is the portion of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code that establishes construction requirements for heating boilers, including design, materials, fabrication, testing, and inspection.
-
B.
Clause 40
Clause 40 is a famous provision of the Magna Carta that promises royal justice will not be sold, denied, or delayed to any person.
-
C.
Section III
Section III is the portion of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code that establishes rules for the construction of nuclear facility components, including nuclear power plant vessels, piping, and supports.
-
D.
Clause 39
Clause 39 is a key provision of the Magna Carta that guarantees the right to due process by prohibiting arbitrary arrest, imprisonment, or dispossession except by lawful judgment or the law of the land.
-
E.
Section V
Section V is the part of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code that establishes requirements and methods for the nondestructive examination of materials and components used in pressure equipment.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (47)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf | statutory provision ⓘ |
| aimsToPrevent |
implementation of discriminatory voting changes without federal review
ⓘ
racial discrimination in voting ⓘ |
| alsoKnownAs | coverage formula of the Voting Rights Act ⓘ |
| appliesTo |
political subdivisions with specified levels of voting discrimination
ⓘ
states with specified levels of voting discrimination ⓘ |
| appliesToJurisdictionsIn |
United States of America
ⓘ
surface form:
United States
|
| authorityOverseenBy |
United States Attorney General
ⓘ
United States Department of Justice ⓘ |
| citation | 52 U.S.C. § 10303(b) ⓘ |
| constitutionalChallenge | Shelby County v. Holder ⓘ |
| countryOfJurisdiction |
United States of America
ⓘ
surface form:
United States
|
| criterionIncludes |
low voter registration rates
ⓘ
low voter turnout rates ⓘ use of tests or devices as prerequisites to voting ⓘ |
| defines | coverage formula for preclearance ⓘ |
| effectOfShelbyCountyDecision | coverage formula rendered inoperative ⓘ |
| enactedBy | United States Congress ⓘ |
| enactedIn | 1965 ⓘ |
| enforcementMechanism | federal preclearance requirement under Section 5 ⓘ |
| historicalSignificance | central mechanism for targeting federal voting rights enforcement ⓘ |
| jurisdictionLevel | federal law ⓘ |
| language | English ⓘ |
| legalDomain |
civil rights law
ⓘ
election law ⓘ voting rights ⓘ |
| legalStatusAfter2013 | formally on the books but coverage formula unusable ⓘ |
| limitedByDecisionOn | June 25, 2013 ⓘ |
| linkedProvision |
Section 5 of the Voting Rights Act
ⓘ
surface form:
Section 5 of the Voting Rights Act of 1965
|
| measurementFactor |
percentage of eligible voters registered
ⓘ
percentage of eligible voters who voted ⓘ |
| measurementPeriod | historical elections prior to enactment ⓘ |
| originalCitation | 42 U.S.C. § 1973b(b) ⓘ |
| partOf | Voting Rights Act of 1965 ⓘ |
| purpose | to establish a coverage formula for federal oversight of changes to voting laws ⓘ |
| relatedTo |
Section 2 of the Voting Rights Act of 1965
ⓘ
Section 3(c) of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 ⓘ |
| requires | identification of jurisdictions with a history of voting discrimination ⓘ |
| requiresCongressionalActionToRestoreFullEffect | yes ⓘ |
| requiresCoveredJurisdictionsTo | obtain federal approval before changing voting laws ⓘ |
| requiresUpdateByCongressForUse | post-Shelby County v. Holder ⓘ |
| shortName | Section 4(b) coverage formula ⓘ |
| signedIntoLawBy | Lyndon B. Johnson ⓘ |
| targets | jurisdictions with persistent patterns of racial discrimination in voting ⓘ |
| typeOfCoverage | geographic coverage based on historical voting data ⓘ |
| usedFor | determining which jurisdictions are subject to preclearance under Section 5 of the Voting Rights Act ⓘ |
| wasHeldUnconstitutionalInPartBy | Shelby County v. Holder ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Section 4(b) Description of subject: Section 4(b) is the provision of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 that established the coverage formula used to determine which jurisdictions were subject to federal preclearance before changing their voting laws.
Referenced by (1)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.