Planck radiation law

E4994

law of black-body radiation law of quantum physics physical law

Planck radiation law is a fundamental formula in quantum physics that describes the spectral distribution of electromagnetic radiation emitted by a black body in thermal equilibrium.

Aliases (9)

Statements (49)

Predicate	Object
instanceOf	law of black-body radiation → law of quantum physics → physical law →
appliesTo	ideal black body →
assumes	bosonic statistics for photons → electromagnetic modes in a cavity → thermal equilibrium →
dependsOnConstant	Boltzmann constant → Planck constant → speed of light in vacuum →
derivedUsing	Bose–Einstein statistics for photons → Planck distribution →
describes	black-body radiation → spectral distribution of electromagnetic radiation →
domain	thermal radiation →
expresses	spectral radiance as function of frequency and temperature → spectral radiance as function of wavelength and temperature →
field	electromagnetism → quantum physics → statistical mechanics → thermodynamics →
historicalSignificance	marked birth of quantum theory →
implies	energy quantization of electromagnetic modes →
introducedBy	Max Planck →
involvesConcept	black-body spectrum → quantization of energy levels →
involvesQuantity	photon energy → photon occupation number → spectral radiance →
mathematicalForm	spectral radiance proportional to 1/λ^5 divided by (exp(hc/(λkT)) − 1) → spectral radiance proportional to ν^3 divided by (exp(hν/kT) − 1) →
predicts	peak wavelength of black-body spectrum depends on temperature → total emitted power increases with temperature →
reducesTo	Rayleigh–Jeans law at low frequencies → Wien approximation at high frequencies →
relatedTo	Stefan–Boltzmann law → Wien displacement law →
resolves	ultraviolet catastrophe of classical physics →
usedIn	astrophysics → cosmology → infrared thermography → radiative heat transfer calculations → remote sensing → thermal radiation modeling →
validFor	macroscopic bodies approximating black bodies →
variable	absolute temperature → frequency → wavelength →
yearProposed	1900 →

Referenced by (16)

Subject (surface form when different)	Predicate
Einstein coefficients → On a Heuristic Point of View Concerning the Production and Transformation of Light ("Planck’s black-body radiation law") → Stefan–Boltzmann law ("Planck’s law") → Wien displacement law →	relatedTo
Max Planck ("black-body radiation law") → Max Planck ("Planck's law of black-body radiation") →	knownFor
Boltzmann constant ("Planck blackbody radiation law") →	appearsIn
Planck constant →	appearsInEquation
Wien displacement law →	approximationOf
Stefan–Boltzmann law ("Planck’s law of black-body radiation") →	derivedFrom
Planck radiation law ("Planck distribution") →	derivedUsing
Rayleigh–Jeans law at low frequencies ("Planck’s law of blackbody radiation") →	isApproximationOf
Rayleigh–Jeans law at low frequencies ("Planck’s radiation law") →	isClassicalLimitOf
k_B ("Planck distribution") →	playsRoleIn
Kirchhoff's law of thermal radiation ("Planck's law of black-body radiation") →	usedInDerivationOf
Bose–Einstein statistics →	usedToExplain