k_B

E57427

k_B is the conventional symbol used to denote the Boltzmann constant, a fundamental physical constant that relates temperature to energy at the particle level.

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Observed surface forms (1)

Surface form Occurrences
Boltzmann constant k_B 1

Statements (49)

Predicate Object
instanceOf Boltzmann constant
physical constant
appearsInEquation Bose–Einstein statistics
surface form: Bose–Einstein distribution

Fermi–Dirac statistics
surface form: Fermi–Dirac distribution

Gibbs free energy in statistical form
Helmholtz free energy F = -k_B T ln Z
Johnson–Nyquist noise: ⟨V²⟩ = 4 k_B T R Δf
Maxwell–Boltzmann statistics
surface form: Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution

S = k_B ln Ω
U = (f/2) N k_B T
k_B T as thermal energy scale
pV = N k_B T
⟨E⟩ = k_B T for a classical degree of freedom
definedBy International System of Units
domain materials science
physical chemistry
physics
fixedBy 2019 SI redefinition
hasApproximateValue 1.380649×10⁻²³ J·K⁻¹
hasCommonEnergyUnitForm 8.617333262×10⁻⁵ eV·K⁻¹
hasExactValue 1.380649×10⁻²³ J·K⁻¹
hasSIUnit joule per kelvin
hasSIUnitSymbol J·K⁻¹
isConstantType statistical constant
thermodynamic constant
isFundamentalConstantIn SI base unit kelvin definition
namedAfter Ludwig Boltzmann
playsRoleIn Planck radiation law
surface form: Planck distribution

blackbody radiation theory
cosmic microwave background analysis
equipartition theorem
relatedByEquation R = N_A k_B
relatedTo Avogadro constant
gas constant R
relates temperature to energy
represents Boltzmann constant
scaleSets thermal energy scale k_B T
symbolFor Boltzmann constant
usedIn Shannon entropy via k_B ln 2 factor in physical units
cosmology
information theory
kinetic theory of gases
partition function expressions
solid state physics
statistical mechanics
thermodynamics
usedToConvert temperature to energy units
usedToDefine entropy in statistical mechanics
thermal noise power

Referenced by (2)

Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.

this entity surface form: Boltzmann constant k_B