k_B
E57427
k_B is the conventional symbol used to denote the Boltzmann constant, a fundamental physical constant that relates temperature to energy at the particle level.
All labels observed (3)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Boltzmann constant k_B | 1 |
| k_B canonical | 1 |
| k_B (Boltzmann constant) | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T461975 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: k_B Context triple: [Boltzmann constant, symbol, k_B]
-
A.
BK
BK is a common abbreviation for Brooklyn, a borough of New York City known for its cultural diversity, arts scene, and historic neighborhoods.
-
B.
KB
KB is a distinct entity from Kt, likely representing a separate concept, object, or identifier within the same domain.
-
C.
KBE
KBE is an abbreviation that most commonly refers to "Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire," a high-ranking honor in the British honours system.
-
D.
KZ
KZ is the two-letter ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 country code assigned to Kazakhstan for international standardization and identification.
-
E.
KC
KC is a common shorthand nickname for Kansas City, Missouri, a major Midwestern U.S. city known for its jazz heritage, barbecue, and sports teams.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: k_B Target entity description: k_B is the conventional symbol used to denote the Boltzmann constant, a fundamental physical constant that relates temperature to energy at the particle level.
-
A.
BK
BK is a common abbreviation for Brooklyn, a borough of New York City known for its cultural diversity, arts scene, and historic neighborhoods.
-
B.
KB
KB is a distinct entity from Kt, likely representing a separate concept, object, or identifier within the same domain.
-
C.
KBE
KBE is an abbreviation that most commonly refers to "Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire," a high-ranking honor in the British honours system.
-
D.
KZ
KZ is the two-letter ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 country code assigned to Kazakhstan for international standardization and identification.
-
E.
KC
KC is a common shorthand nickname for Kansas City, Missouri, a major Midwestern U.S. city known for its jazz heritage, barbecue, and sports teams.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (49)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
Boltzmann constant
ⓘ
physical constant ⓘ |
| appearsInEquation |
Bose–Einstein statistics
ⓘ
surface form:
Bose–Einstein distribution
Fermi–Dirac statistics ⓘ
surface form:
Fermi–Dirac distribution
Gibbs free energy in statistical form ⓘ Helmholtz free energy F = -k_B T ln Z ⓘ Johnson–Nyquist noise: ⟨V²⟩ = 4 k_B T R Δf ⓘ Maxwell–Boltzmann statistics ⓘ
surface form:
Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution
S = k_B ln Ω ⓘ U = (f/2) N k_B T ⓘ k_B T as thermal energy scale ⓘ pV = N k_B T ⓘ ⟨E⟩ = k_B T for a classical degree of freedom ⓘ |
| definedBy | International System of Units ⓘ |
| domain |
materials science
ⓘ
physical chemistry ⓘ physics ⓘ |
| fixedBy | 2019 SI redefinition ⓘ |
| hasApproximateValue | 1.380649×10⁻²³ J·K⁻¹ ⓘ |
| hasCommonEnergyUnitForm | 8.617333262×10⁻⁵ eV·K⁻¹ ⓘ |
| hasExactValue | 1.380649×10⁻²³ J·K⁻¹ ⓘ |
| hasSIUnit | joule per kelvin ⓘ |
| hasSIUnitSymbol | J·K⁻¹ ⓘ |
| isConstantType |
statistical constant
ⓘ
thermodynamic constant ⓘ |
| isFundamentalConstantIn | SI base unit kelvin definition ⓘ |
| namedAfter | Ludwig Boltzmann ⓘ |
| playsRoleIn |
Planck radiation law
ⓘ
surface form:
Planck distribution
blackbody radiation theory ⓘ cosmic microwave background analysis ⓘ equipartition theorem ⓘ |
| relatedByEquation | R = N_A k_B ⓘ |
| relatedTo |
Avogadro constant
ⓘ
gas constant R ⓘ |
| relates | temperature to energy ⓘ |
| represents | Boltzmann constant ⓘ |
| scaleSets | thermal energy scale k_B T ⓘ |
| symbolFor | Boltzmann constant ⓘ |
| usedIn |
Shannon entropy via k_B ln 2 factor in physical units
ⓘ
cosmology ⓘ information theory ⓘ kinetic theory of gases ⓘ partition function expressions ⓘ solid state physics ⓘ statistical mechanics ⓘ thermodynamics ⓘ |
| usedToConvert | temperature to energy units ⓘ |
| usedToDefine |
entropy in statistical mechanics
ⓘ
thermal noise power ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: k_B Description of subject: k_B is the conventional symbol used to denote the Boltzmann constant, a fundamental physical constant that relates temperature to energy at the particle level.
Referenced by (3)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
this entity surface form:
Boltzmann constant k_B
this entity surface form:
k_B (Boltzmann constant)