Bituminous Coal Conservation Act of 1935

E4224

New Deal legislation United States federal statute

The Bituminous Coal Conservation Act of 1935 was a New Deal-era U.S. law aimed at stabilizing the coal industry through price regulation and labor standards, later struck down by the Supreme Court as unconstitutional.

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All labels observed (6)

Label	Occurrences
Bituminous Coal Conservation Act of 1935 canonical	2
Guffey Coal Act	2
Guffey-Vinson Coal Act of 1937	2
Bituminous Coal Commission	1
National Bituminous Coal Commission	1
the Bituminous Coal Conservation Act of 1935 was unconstitutional in relevant part	1

How this entity was disambiguated

This entity first appeared as the object of triple T48509 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.

NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07

Target entity: Bituminous Coal Conservation Act of 1935
Context triple: [74th United States Congress, passed, Bituminous Coal Conservation Act of 1935]

A. Emergency Conservation Work Act of 1933
The Emergency Conservation Work Act of 1933 was New Deal legislation that created the Civilian Conservation Corps to provide jobs through natural resource conservation and public works projects during the Great Depression.
B. Energy Reorganization Act of 1974
The Energy Reorganization Act of 1974 is a U.S. federal law that restructured the nation’s nuclear energy program, notably splitting regulatory and promotional functions and creating the Nuclear Regulatory Commission.
C. Historic Sites Act of 1935
The Historic Sites Act of 1935 is a U.S. federal law that established national policy for preserving historic sites and laid the foundation for the modern National Historic Landmarks and National Historic Preservation programs.
D. Lever Food and Fuel Control Act of 1917
The Lever Food and Fuel Control Act of 1917 was a World War I-era U.S. law that granted the federal government broad powers to regulate the production, distribution, and pricing of food and fuel to support the war effort and prevent hoarding and profiteering.
E. Peonage Act of 1867
The Peonage Act of 1867 is a U.S. federal law that criminalized debt peonage and other forms of forced labor, reinforcing the abolition of slavery established by the Thirteenth Amendment.
F. None of above. chosen
G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.

NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07

Target entity: Bituminous Coal Conservation Act of 1935
Target entity description: The Bituminous Coal Conservation Act of 1935 was a New Deal-era U.S. law aimed at stabilizing the coal industry through price regulation and labor standards, later struck down by the Supreme Court as unconstitutional.

A. Emergency Conservation Work Act of 1933
The Emergency Conservation Work Act of 1933 was New Deal legislation that created the Civilian Conservation Corps to provide jobs through natural resource conservation and public works projects during the Great Depression.
B. Energy Reorganization Act of 1974
The Energy Reorganization Act of 1974 is a U.S. federal law that restructured the nation’s nuclear energy program, notably splitting regulatory and promotional functions and creating the Nuclear Regulatory Commission.
C. Historic Sites Act of 1935
The Historic Sites Act of 1935 is a U.S. federal law that established national policy for preserving historic sites and laid the foundation for the modern National Historic Landmarks and National Historic Preservation programs.
D. Lever Food and Fuel Control Act of 1917
The Lever Food and Fuel Control Act of 1917 was a World War I-era U.S. law that granted the federal government broad powers to regulate the production, distribution, and pricing of food and fuel to support the war effort and prevent hoarding and profiteering.
E. Peonage Act of 1867
The Peonage Act of 1867 is a U.S. federal law that criminalized debt peonage and other forms of forced labor, reinforcing the abolition of slavery established by the Thirteenth Amendment.
F. None of above. chosen

Statements (49)

Predicate	Object
instanceOf	New Deal legislation ⓘ United States federal statute ⓘ
affectedIndustry	bituminous coal mining ⓘ
alsoKnownAs	Bituminous Coal Conservation Act of 1935 ⓘ surface form: Guffey Coal Act
challengedInCase	Carter v. Carter Coal Co. ⓘ
constitutionalBasisClaimed	Commerce Clause ⓘ surface form: Commerce Clause of the United States Constitution
country	United States of America ⓘ surface form: United States
createdBody	Bituminous Coal Conservation Act of 1935 self-linksurface differs ⓘ surface form: Bituminous Coal Commission Bituminous Coal Conservation Act of 1935 self-linksurface differs ⓘ surface form: National Bituminous Coal Commission
declaredUnconstitutionalIn	Carter v. Carter Coal Co. ⓘ
enactedBy	74th United States Congress ⓘ
enforcementMechanism	tax on bituminous coal production ⓘ tax rebate for compliance with code ⓘ
historicalContext	post-National Industrial Recovery Act regulatory efforts ⓘ
impact	influenced later federal regulation of extractive industries ⓘ prompted clarification of limits of federal commerce power ⓘ
judicialOutcome	held unconstitutional by the Supreme Court of the United States ⓘ
laborProvision	collective bargaining protections for miners ⓘ maximum hours for coal miners ⓘ minimum wages for coal miners ⓘ prohibition of child labor in coal mines ⓘ
legalStatus	invalidated ⓘ
legislativeChamber	United States House of Representatives ⓘ United States Senate ⓘ
namedAfter	Joseph F. Guffey ⓘ
partOf	New Deal ⓘ
policyType	industrial regulation ⓘ labor regulation ⓘ
purpose	improve wages and working conditions for coal miners ⓘ reduce destructive competition in coal markets ⓘ regulate prices of bituminous coal ⓘ stabilize the bituminous coal industry ⓘ
region	United States bituminous coal-producing states ⓘ
regulatoryMechanism	code of fair competition for bituminous coal ⓘ marketing regulations for coal producers ⓘ minimum price schedules for coal ⓘ
relatedTo	Bituminous Coal Conservation Act of 1935 self-linksurface differs ⓘ surface form: Guffey-Vinson Coal Act of 1937 National Industrial Recovery Act ⓘ
replacedBy	Bituminous Coal Conservation Act of 1935 self-linksurface differs ⓘ surface form: Guffey-Vinson Coal Act of 1937
sector	energy ⓘ mining ⓘ
signedBy	President Franklin D. Roosevelt ⓘ surface form: Franklin D. Roosevelt
signingPresident	President Franklin D. Roosevelt ⓘ surface form: Franklin D. Roosevelt
subjectMatter	bituminous coal industry ⓘ coal price regulation ⓘ labor standards in coal mining ⓘ
timePeriod	Great Depression ⓘ
unconstitutionalityReason	attempted to regulate local production rather than interstate commerce ⓘ exceeded Congress’s power under the Commerce Clause ⓘ

How these facts were elicited

Referenced by (9)

Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.

74th United States Congress → passed → Bituminous Coal Conservation Act of 1935 ⓘ

Bituminous Coal Conservation Act of 1935 → alsoKnownAs → Bituminous Coal Conservation Act of 1935 ⓘ

this entity surface form: Guffey Coal Act

Bituminous Coal Conservation Act of 1935 → createdBody → Bituminous Coal Conservation Act of 1935 self-linksurface differs ⓘ

this entity surface form: Bituminous Coal Commission

Bituminous Coal Conservation Act of 1935 → createdBody → Bituminous Coal Conservation Act of 1935 self-linksurface differs ⓘ

this entity surface form: National Bituminous Coal Commission

Bituminous Coal Conservation Act of 1935 → relatedTo → Bituminous Coal Conservation Act of 1935 self-linksurface differs ⓘ

this entity surface form: Guffey-Vinson Coal Act of 1937

Bituminous Coal Conservation Act of 1935 → replacedBy → Bituminous Coal Conservation Act of 1935 self-linksurface differs ⓘ

this entity surface form: Guffey-Vinson Coal Act of 1937

Carter v. Carter Coal Co. → holding → Bituminous Coal Conservation Act of 1935 ⓘ

this entity surface form: the Bituminous Coal Conservation Act of 1935 was unconstitutional in relevant part

Carter v. Carter Coal Co. → statuteInvolved → Bituminous Coal Conservation Act of 1935 ⓘ

Joseph F. Guffey → notableWork → Bituminous Coal Conservation Act of 1935 ⓘ