NAD+
E376853
NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) is a vital coenzyme in cellular redox reactions and energy metabolism, central to processes like glycolysis, the TCA cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation.
All labels observed (1)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| NAD+ canonical | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T3670754 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: NAD+ Context triple: [tryptophan, isPrecursorOf, NAD+]
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A.
DHA
DHA is the vehicle registration code used on motor vehicles registered in Dhaka, the capital city of Bangladesh.
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B.
B12
B12 is the common shorthand used to refer to the Big 12 Conference, a major collegiate athletic conference in the United States.
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C.
NADW
NADW is a cold, dense water mass formed in the North Atlantic that sinks and flows southward, playing a key role in the global ocean circulation and climate system.
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D.
NAC
The North Atlantic Council (NAC) is NATO’s principal political decision-making body, bringing together member states’ representatives to oversee and guide the alliance’s policies and operations.
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E.
FAD
FAD is the Faculty of Arts and Design at the University of Canberra, offering creative and humanities-focused education and research programs.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: NAD+ Target entity description: NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) is a vital coenzyme in cellular redox reactions and energy metabolism, central to processes like glycolysis, the TCA cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation.
-
A.
DHA
DHA is the vehicle registration code used on motor vehicles registered in Dhaka, the capital city of Bangladesh.
-
B.
B12
B12 is the common shorthand used to refer to the Big 12 Conference, a major collegiate athletic conference in the United States.
-
C.
NADW
NADW is a cold, dense water mass formed in the North Atlantic that sinks and flows southward, playing a key role in the global ocean circulation and climate system.
-
D.
NAC
The North Atlantic Council (NAC) is NATO’s principal political decision-making body, bringing together member states’ representatives to oversee and guide the alliance’s policies and operations.
-
E.
FAD
FAD is the Faculty of Arts and Design at the University of Canberra, offering creative and humanities-focused education and research programs.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (85)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
coenzyme
ⓘ
pyridine nucleotide ⓘ redox cofactor ⓘ |
| containsMoiety |
adenine
ⓘ
nicotinamide ⓘ phosphate group ⓘ |
| hasAbbreviation | NAD ⓘ |
| hasBiologicalKingdom |
present in archaea
ⓘ
present in bacteria ⓘ present in eukaryotes ⓘ |
| hasCellularLocation |
cytosol
ⓘ
mitochondrial matrix ⓘ nucleus ⓘ peroxisomes ⓘ |
| hasCharge | +1 ⓘ |
| hasComponent |
adenosine monophosphate
ⓘ
nicotinamide mononucleotide ⓘ pyrophosphate bridge ⓘ ribose ⓘ |
| hasFullName | nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide ⓘ |
| hasHighRatioTo | NADH in cytosol ⓘ |
| hasIUPACName | β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide ⓘ |
| hasOxidationState | oxidized form ⓘ |
| hasRole |
electron carrier
ⓘ
hydride acceptor ⓘ metabolic regulator ⓘ signaling molecule precursor ⓘ substrate for ADP-ribosylation ⓘ substrate for protein deacetylation ⓘ |
| hasTypicalRatioTo | NADH ⓘ |
| isAffectedBy |
aging
ⓘ
caloric restriction ⓘ exercise ⓘ inflammation ⓘ |
| isBiosynthesizedFrom |
nicotinamide
ⓘ
nicotinamide riboside ⓘ nicotinic acid ⓘ tryptophan ⓘ |
| isBiosynthesizedVia |
Preiss–Handler pathway
ⓘ
de novo pathway from tryptophan ⓘ salvage pathway from nicotinamide ⓘ salvage pathway from nicotinamide riboside ⓘ |
| isCatabolizedBy |
CD38
ⓘ
NADases ⓘ PARP overactivation ⓘ |
| isCofactorFor |
alcohol dehydrogenase
ⓘ
complex I of electron transport chain ⓘ oxidoreductases ⓘ |
| isConvertedBy | dehydrogenase-catalyzed reactions ⓘ |
| isConvertedTo | NADH ⓘ |
| isPrecursorOf | NADP+ ⓘ |
| isRequiredFor |
ATP production
ⓘ
cell survival ⓘ genome stability ⓘ mitochondrial respiration ⓘ redox homeostasis ⓘ |
| isSubstrateOf |
ADP-ribosyltransferases
ⓘ
CD38 ⓘ PARP enzymes ⓘ dehydrogenases ⓘ glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase ⓘ isocitrate dehydrogenase (NAD+-dependent) ⓘ lactate dehydrogenase ⓘ malate dehydrogenase ⓘ sirtuins ⓘ |
| isTargetOf |
NAD+ boosters
ⓘ
nicotinamide mononucleotide supplementation ⓘ nicotinamide riboside supplementation ⓘ |
| participatesIn |
DNA repair pathways
ⓘ
Krebs cycle ⓘ alcohol fermentation ⓘ beta-oxidation of fatty acids ⓘ calcium signaling via CD38 ⓘ citric acid cycle ⓘ glycolysis ⓘ lactate fermentation ⓘ oxidative phosphorylation ⓘ pentose phosphate pathway ⓘ poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation ⓘ sirtuin-mediated deacetylation ⓘ tricarboxylic acid cycle ⓘ |
| redoxPairWith | NADH ⓘ |
| regulates |
PARP activity
ⓘ
cellular redox state ⓘ sirtuin activity ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: NAD+ Description of subject: NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) is a vital coenzyme in cellular redox reactions and energy metabolism, central to processes like glycolysis, the TCA cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation.
Referenced by (1)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
subject surface form:
tryptophan