Atkins v. Virginia
E266466
Atkins v. Virginia is a 2002 U.S. Supreme Court decision that held executing individuals with intellectual disabilities violates the Eighth Amendment’s prohibition on cruel and unusual punishment.
All labels observed (2)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Atkins v. Virginia canonical | 3 |
| Atkins v. Virginia, 536 U.S. 304 (2002) | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T2435108 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Atkins v. Virginia Context triple: [Eighth Amendment to the United States Constitution, centralIssueInCase, Atkins v. Virginia]
-
A.
Boynton v. Virginia
Boynton v. Virginia was a 1960 U.S. Supreme Court decision that extended federal prohibitions against racial discrimination in interstate bus terminals, helping lay the legal groundwork for the Freedom Rides.
-
B.
Furman v. Georgia
Furman v. Georgia is a landmark 1972 U.S. Supreme Court case that temporarily halted capital punishment nationwide by ruling existing death penalty schemes unconstitutional under the Eighth and Fourteenth Amendments.
-
C.
Batson v. Kentucky
Batson v. Kentucky is a landmark 1986 U.S. Supreme Court case that held prosecutors may not use peremptory challenges to exclude jurors solely on the basis of race, reshaping jury selection practices nationwide.
-
D.
Strickland v. Washington
Strickland v. Washington is a landmark 1984 U.S. Supreme Court case that established the two-pronged test for determining when a criminal defendant’s right to effective assistance of counsel has been violated.
-
E.
Morgan v. Virginia
Morgan v. Virginia was a 1946 U.S. Supreme Court case that struck down state laws mandating racial segregation on interstate buses, laying important groundwork for later civil rights actions.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Atkins v. Virginia Target entity description: Atkins v. Virginia is a 2002 U.S. Supreme Court decision that held executing individuals with intellectual disabilities violates the Eighth Amendment’s prohibition on cruel and unusual punishment.
-
A.
Boynton v. Virginia
Boynton v. Virginia was a 1960 U.S. Supreme Court decision that extended federal prohibitions against racial discrimination in interstate bus terminals, helping lay the legal groundwork for the Freedom Rides.
-
B.
Furman v. Georgia
Furman v. Georgia is a landmark 1972 U.S. Supreme Court case that temporarily halted capital punishment nationwide by ruling existing death penalty schemes unconstitutional under the Eighth and Fourteenth Amendments.
-
C.
Batson v. Kentucky
Batson v. Kentucky is a landmark 1986 U.S. Supreme Court case that held prosecutors may not use peremptory challenges to exclude jurors solely on the basis of race, reshaping jury selection practices nationwide.
-
D.
Strickland v. Washington
Strickland v. Washington is a landmark 1984 U.S. Supreme Court case that established the two-pronged test for determining when a criminal defendant’s right to effective assistance of counsel has been violated.
-
E.
Morgan v. Virginia
Morgan v. Virginia was a 1946 U.S. Supreme Court case that struck down state laws mandating racial segregation on interstate buses, laying important groundwork for later civil rights actions.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (45)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
Eighth Amendment case
ⓘ
United States Supreme Court case ⓘ capital punishment case ⓘ |
| areaOfLaw |
constitutional law
ⓘ
criminal law ⓘ death penalty jurisprudence ⓘ |
| citation | 536 U.S. 304 ⓘ |
| constitutionalProvision |
Eighth Amendment to the United States Constitution
ⓘ
Fourteenth Amendment ⓘ
surface form:
Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution
|
| country |
United States of America
ⓘ
surface form:
United States
|
| court | Supreme Court of the United States ⓘ |
| decisionDate | 2002-06-20 ⓘ |
| dissentingJustices |
Antonin Scalia
ⓘ
Clarence Thomas ⓘ William H. Rehnquist ⓘ |
| docketNumber | 00-8452 ⓘ |
| effect | prohibited execution of persons with intellectual disability nationwide ⓘ |
| holding | Executing individuals with intellectual disability violates the Eighth Amendment prohibition on cruel and unusual punishments ⓘ |
| jurisdiction |
United States of America
ⓘ
surface form:
United States
|
| languageOfDecision | English ⓘ |
| leftToStates | procedures for determining intellectual disability in capital cases ⓘ |
| legalIssue | constitutionality of executing individuals with intellectual disability ⓘ |
| legalPrinciple | Eighth Amendment interpretation is informed by evolving standards of decency ⓘ |
| majorityJustices |
Anthony M. Kennedy
ⓘ
David H. Souter ⓘ John Paul Stevens ⓘ Ruth Bader Ginsburg ⓘ Sandra Day O’Connor ⓘ Stephen G. Breyer ⓘ |
| majorityOpinionBy | John Paul Stevens ⓘ |
| overruledPrecedent |
Penry v. Lynaugh, 492 U.S. 302 (1989)
ⓘ
surface form:
Penry v. Lynaugh
|
| page | 304 ⓘ |
| petitioner | Daryl Renard Atkins ⓘ |
| relatedDoctrine |
cruel and unusual punishments
ⓘ
proportionality in capital punishment ⓘ |
| reporter | United States Reports ⓘ |
| respondent | Virginia ⓘ |
| ruleOfLaw | States may not impose the death penalty on offenders with intellectual disability ⓘ |
| stateParty |
Virginia
ⓘ
surface form:
Commonwealth of Virginia
|
| subjectMatter | death penalty and intellectual disability ⓘ |
| subsequentCaseInfluenced |
Hall v. Florida
ⓘ
Moore v. Texas ⓘ |
| termOfCourt | October Term 2001 ⓘ |
| volume | 536 ⓘ |
| vote | 6-3 ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Atkins v. Virginia Description of subject: Atkins v. Virginia is a 2002 U.S. Supreme Court decision that held executing individuals with intellectual disabilities violates the Eighth Amendment’s prohibition on cruel and unusual punishment.
Referenced by (4)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
this entity surface form:
Atkins v. Virginia, 536 U.S. 304 (2002)