Title II of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 is a valid exercise of Congress’s power under the Commerce Clause

E26046

United States Supreme Court constitutional holding constitutional law principle legal doctrine

This entity is the Supreme Court’s constitutional holding in Heart of Atlanta Motel, Inc. v. United States that upheld the federal prohibition of racial discrimination in public accommodations as a legitimate use of Congress’s Commerce Clause authority.

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Observed surface forms (1)

Surface form	Occurrences
Title II of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 is a valid exercise of Congress’s Commerce Clause power as applied to Ollie’s Barbecue	1

Statements (40)

Predicate	Object
instanceOf	United States Supreme Court constitutional holding ⓘ constitutional law principle ⓘ legal doctrine ⓘ
appliesTo	places of public accommodation affecting interstate commerce ⓘ
branchOfLaw	civil rights law ⓘ constitutional law ⓘ
caseCitation	379 U.S. 241 ⓘ
characterizedAs	broad reading of congressional commerce power ⓘ landmark civil rights holding ⓘ
constitutionalIssue	federal regulation of private businesses ⓘ relationship between civil rights and interstate commerce ⓘ scope of congressional power under the Commerce Clause ⓘ
constitutionalProvisionInterpreted	Article I, Section 8, Clause 3 of the United States Constitution ⓘ surface form: Article I Section 8 Clause 3 of the United States Constitution
constitutionalStatus	upheld as consistent with the Commerce Clause ⓘ
country	United States of America ⓘ
court	Supreme Court of the United States ⓘ
effect	confirmed broad interpretation of the Commerce Clause ⓘ expanded federal authority to combat private racial discrimination ⓘ validated nationwide enforcement of Title II of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 ⓘ
heldIn	Heart of Atlanta Motel, Inc. v. United States ⓘ
holdingDate	1964 ⓘ
jurisdiction	United States of America ⓘ surface form: United States
legalBasis	Commerce Clause ⓘ surface form: Commerce Clause of the United States Constitution
opposes	claims that Title II exceeds Congress’s enumerated powers ⓘ
reasoningIncludes	conclusion that racial discrimination discourages interstate travel ⓘ deference to congressional findings on the impact of discrimination on commerce ⓘ finding that substantial portions of motel clientele were interstate travelers ⓘ
recognizes	that racial discrimination in lodging and public accommodations burdens interstate commerce ⓘ
relatedCase	Heart of Atlanta Motel, Inc. v. United States ⓘ Katzenbach v. McClung ⓘ
subjectMatter	civil rights enforcement ⓘ federal power to regulate interstate commerce ⓘ racial discrimination in public accommodations ⓘ
supports	broad congressional authority to address racial discrimination through commerce regulation ⓘ
supportsConstitutionalityOf	federal prohibition of racial discrimination in public accommodations ⓘ
supportsEnforcementBy	United States Department of Justice ⓘ private litigants seeking injunctive relief under Title II ⓘ
upheldStatute	Title II of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 ⓘ
usedAsPrecedentIn	later Commerce Clause jurisprudence ⓘ later civil rights cases involving public accommodations ⓘ

Referenced by (2)

Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.

Heart of Atlanta Motel, Inc. v. United States → holding → Title II of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 is a valid exercise of Congress’s power under the Commerce Clause ⓘ

Ollie’s Barbecue case → holding → Title II of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 is a valid exercise of Congress’s power under the Commerce Clause ⓘ

this entity surface form: Title II of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 is a valid exercise of Congress’s Commerce Clause power as applied to Ollie’s Barbecue