Ptolemaic system
E20054
The Ptolemaic system is an ancient geocentric cosmological model that places Earth at the center of the universe with the Sun, Moon, and planets moving around it in complex circular paths.
All labels observed (6)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Ptolemaic system canonical | 15 |
| Ptolemaic equant | 3 |
| Ptolemaic geocentric system | 3 |
| Ptolemaic astronomy | 2 |
| Ptolemaic coordinate system | 1 |
| Ptolemaic cosmology | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T162693 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Ptolemaic system Context triple: [Scientific Revolution, opposedDoctrine, Ptolemaic system]
-
A.
Metonic cycle
The Metonic cycle is a 19-year astronomical period after which the phases of the Moon recur on the same days of the solar year, forming the basis for many lunisolar calendars.
-
B.
Solar System
The Solar System is the gravitationally bound system of the Sun and the celestial bodies that orbit it, including Earth and other planets, moons, asteroids, and comets.
-
C.
Julian calendar
The Julian calendar is an ancient solar calendar introduced by Julius Caesar in 45 BCE, historically used throughout Europe and still employed by some Eastern Christian churches for liturgical purposes.
-
D.
Gaia
Gaia is the primordial Greek earth goddess, revered as the ancestral mother of all life and the personification of the Earth itself.
-
E.
Kosmos
Kosmos is Alexander von Humboldt’s multi-volume work that presents a comprehensive scientific and philosophical overview of the natural world and the universe.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Ptolemaic system Target entity description: The Ptolemaic system is an ancient geocentric cosmological model that places Earth at the center of the universe with the Sun, Moon, and planets moving around it in complex circular paths.
-
A.
Metonic cycle
The Metonic cycle is a 19-year astronomical period after which the phases of the Moon recur on the same days of the solar year, forming the basis for many lunisolar calendars.
-
B.
Solar System
The Solar System is the gravitationally bound system of the Sun and the celestial bodies that orbit it, including Earth and other planets, moons, asteroids, and comets.
-
C.
Julian calendar
The Julian calendar is an ancient solar calendar introduced by Julius Caesar in 45 BCE, historically used throughout Europe and still employed by some Eastern Christian churches for liturgical purposes.
-
D.
Gaia
Gaia is the primordial Greek earth goddess, revered as the ancestral mother of all life and the personification of the Earth itself.
-
E.
Kosmos
Kosmos is Alexander von Humboldt’s multi-volume work that presents a comprehensive scientific and philosophical overview of the natural world and the universe.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (48)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
astronomical model
ⓘ
geocentric cosmological model ⓘ historical scientific theory ⓘ |
| assumes |
Earth is at the center of the universe
ⓘ
Moon orbits Earth ⓘ Sun orbits Earth ⓘ fixed stars lie on a celestial sphere ⓘ heavenly bodies move in uniform circular motion ⓘ planets orbit Earth ⓘ universe is finite and closed ⓘ |
| basedOn |
Aristotelian physics
ⓘ
circular motion ⓘ |
| characterizedBy | complex nested circles ⓘ |
| contrastsWith |
Copernican system
ⓘ
heliocentric model ⓘ |
| describedIn | Almagest ⓘ |
| developedBy |
Claudius Ptolemaeus
ⓘ
surface form:
Claudius Ptolemy
|
| developedIn | 2nd century ⓘ |
| dominantIn | Western astronomy for over 1,000 years ⓘ |
| explains |
retrograde motion of planets
ⓘ
variable brightness of planets ⓘ |
| field |
astronomy
ⓘ
cosmology ⓘ |
| hasCentralBody | Earth ⓘ |
| hasViewOn |
Earth is motionless
ⓘ
heavens are perfect and unchanging ⓘ |
| historicalPeriod | Hellenistic period ⓘ |
| influenced |
medieval European astronomy
ⓘ
medieval Islamic astronomy ⓘ |
| influencedBy |
Hipparchus
ⓘ
earlier Greek astronomy ⓘ |
| modelsMotionOf |
Jupiter
ⓘ
Mars ⓘ Mercury ⓘ Moon ⓘ Saturn ⓘ Sun ⓘ Venus ⓘ |
| namedAfter |
Claudius Ptolemaeus
ⓘ
surface form:
Claudius Ptolemy
|
| originatedIn |
Alexandria, Egypt
ⓘ
surface form:
Alexandria
|
| rejectedBy | modern astronomy ⓘ |
| replacedBy | Copernican system ⓘ |
| usedFor |
astrology
ⓘ
calendar calculations ⓘ predicting planetary positions ⓘ |
| uses |
deferents
ⓘ
epicycles ⓘ equant point ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Ptolemaic system Description of subject: The Ptolemaic system is an ancient geocentric cosmological model that places Earth at the center of the universe with the Sun, Moon, and planets moving around it in complex circular paths.
Referenced by (25)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
this entity surface form:
Ptolemaic astronomy
this entity surface form:
Ptolemaic equant
this entity surface form:
Ptolemaic geocentric system
subject surface form:
Book I (De revolutionibus orbium coelestium)
this entity surface form:
Ptolemaic geocentric system
subject surface form:
Book III (De revolutionibus orbium coelestium)
this entity surface form:
Ptolemaic geocentric system
this entity surface form:
Ptolemaic cosmology
this entity surface form:
Ptolemaic coordinate system
this entity surface form:
Ptolemaic equant
this entity surface form:
Ptolemaic equant
this entity surface form:
Ptolemaic astronomy