Title IX

E19711

United States federal civil rights law anti-discrimination law education law

Title IX is a landmark U.S. federal civil rights law enacted in 1972 that prohibits sex-based discrimination in any education program or activity receiving federal financial assistance.

Jump to: Surface forms Statements Referenced by

Observed surface forms (4)

Surface form	Occurrences
Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972	8
Title IX legislation	1
Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 (as enforced through coordination and review)	1
Title IX regulations	1

Statements (50)

Predicate	Object
instanceOf	United States federal civil rights law ⓘ anti-discrimination law ⓘ education law ⓘ
allows	administrative enforcement ⓘ private right of action ⓘ
appliesTo	K–12 schools ⓘ colleges ⓘ education activity receiving federal financial assistance ⓘ education program receiving federal financial assistance ⓘ educational institutions receiving federal financial assistance ⓘ private schools receiving federal funds ⓘ professional education programs ⓘ public schools ⓘ universities ⓘ vocational education programs ⓘ
codifiedIn	20 U.S.C. § 1681 et seq. ⓘ
country	United States of America ⓘ surface form: United States
enactedBy	United States Congress ⓘ
enactmentDate	1972-06-23 ⓘ
enforcedBy	Office for Civil Rights ⓘ United States Department of Education ⓘ surface form: U.S. Department of Education federal agencies providing financial assistance ⓘ
fullName	Title IX self-linksurface differs ⓘ surface form: Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972
influenced	equal opportunity in admissions ⓘ equal opportunity in financial aid ⓘ equal treatment in academic programs ⓘ gender equity in athletics ⓘ institutional policies on sexual harassment ⓘ
jurisdiction	federally funded educational institutions in the United States ⓘ
language	English ⓘ
legalBasis	Taxing and Spending Clause ⓘ surface form: Spending Clause of the U.S. Constitution
notableCase	Bostock v. Clayton County ⓘ surface form: Bostock v. Clayton County (interpretive influence on sex discrimination Cannon v. University of Chicago ⓘ Davis v. Monroe County Board of Education ⓘ Franklin v. Gwinnett County Public Schools ⓘ Gebser v. Lago Vista Independent School District ⓘ Grove City College v. Bell ⓘ Jackson v. Birmingham Board of Education ⓘ
partOf	Education Amendments of 1972 ⓘ
primaryGoal	eliminate sex-based discrimination in federally funded education ⓘ
prohibits	gender-based discrimination ⓘ pregnancy discrimination in education ⓘ retaliation for asserting Title IX rights ⓘ sex discrimination ⓘ sexual harassment in education ⓘ sexual violence in education ⓘ
sectionNumber	Title IX self-link ⓘ
signedBy	Richard Nixon ⓘ
signingPresident	Richard Nixon ⓘ
subjectMatter	sex equality in education ⓘ