Pauli paramagnetism
E166681
Pauli paramagnetism is the weak, temperature-independent magnetic response of conduction electrons in a metal arising from their spin alignment described by Fermi–Dirac statistics.
All labels observed (2)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Pauli paramagnetism canonical | 2 |
| Pauli magnetic susceptibility | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T1462731 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Pauli paramagnetism Context triple: [Fermi energy, usedToCalculate, Pauli paramagnetism]
-
A.
Bohr magneton
The Bohr magneton is a fundamental physical constant that represents the natural unit of the electron’s magnetic moment in atomic physics.
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B.
Curie law of magnetization
The Curie law of magnetization is a fundamental principle in magnetism stating that the magnetic susceptibility of a paramagnetic material is inversely proportional to its absolute temperature.
-
C.
Zeeman effect
The Zeeman effect is the splitting of atomic or molecular spectral lines into multiple components when subjected to an external magnetic field, revealing information about energy levels and magnetic moments.
-
D.
Pauli equation
The Pauli equation is a non-relativistic quantum mechanical wave equation that extends the Schrödinger equation to include spin-½ particles interacting with electromagnetic fields.
-
E.
de Haas–van Alphen effect
The de Haas–van Alphen effect is a quantum oscillatory phenomenon in metals where the magnetization varies periodically with applied magnetic field, allowing precise mapping of the electronic structure and Fermi surface.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Pauli paramagnetism Target entity description: Pauli paramagnetism is the weak, temperature-independent magnetic response of conduction electrons in a metal arising from their spin alignment described by Fermi–Dirac statistics.
-
A.
Bohr magneton
The Bohr magneton is a fundamental physical constant that represents the natural unit of the electron’s magnetic moment in atomic physics.
-
B.
Curie law of magnetization
The Curie law of magnetization is a fundamental principle in magnetism stating that the magnetic susceptibility of a paramagnetic material is inversely proportional to its absolute temperature.
-
C.
Zeeman effect
The Zeeman effect is the splitting of atomic or molecular spectral lines into multiple components when subjected to an external magnetic field, revealing information about energy levels and magnetic moments.
-
D.
Pauli equation
The Pauli equation is a non-relativistic quantum mechanical wave equation that extends the Schrödinger equation to include spin-½ particles interacting with electromagnetic fields.
-
E.
de Haas–van Alphen effect
The de Haas–van Alphen effect is a quantum oscillatory phenomenon in metals where the magnetization varies periodically with applied magnetic field, allowing precise mapping of the electronic structure and Fermi surface.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (41)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
physical phenomenon
ⓘ
type of paramagnetism ⓘ |
| appliesTo | degenerate Fermi systems ⓘ |
| assumes | non-interacting or weakly interacting electrons ⓘ |
| contrastsWith |
Curie paramagnetism
ⓘ
Landau diamagnetism ⓘ |
| dependsOn |
Bohr magneton
ⓘ
density of states at the Fermi level ⓘ effective mass of electrons ⓘ electron concentration ⓘ electron g-factor ⓘ |
| describedBy |
Fermi–Dirac statistics
ⓘ
surface form:
Fermi–Dirac distribution
Pauli exclusion principle ⓘ |
| hasCause |
Fermi–Dirac statistics
ⓘ
surface form:
Fermi–Dirac statistics of electrons
spin magnetic moments of conduction electrons ⓘ |
| hasProperty |
does not involve orbital motion of electrons
ⓘ
linear response to applied magnetic field ⓘ originates from electron spin alignment ⓘ temperature-independent susceptibility at low temperatures ⓘ weak magnetic response ⓘ |
| hasQuantity |
Pauli paramagnetism
self-linksurface differs
ⓘ
surface form:
Pauli magnetic susceptibility
|
| hasTheoreticalFramework |
free electron model of metals
ⓘ
quantum statistical mechanics ⓘ |
| isComponentOf | total magnetic susceptibility of a metal ⓘ |
| isQuantumEffect | true ⓘ |
| magnetizationArisesFrom | difference in populations of spin-up and spin-down electrons ⓘ |
| magnetizationProportionalTo | applied magnetic field ⓘ |
| namedAfter | Wolfgang Pauli ⓘ |
| neglects |
localized magnetic moments
ⓘ
strong electron-electron correlations ⓘ |
| occursIn |
degenerate electron gases
ⓘ
metals ⓘ |
| relatedTo |
Fermi energy
ⓘ
Fermi liquid theory ⓘ
surface form:
Landau Fermi liquid theory
spin susceptibility ⓘ |
| relevantTo |
condensed matter physics
ⓘ
electron gas theory ⓘ solid-state physics ⓘ |
| temperatureDependence | approximately constant for T much less than Fermi temperature ⓘ |
| usedIn |
analysis of conduction electron properties
ⓘ
interpretation of magnetic measurements of metals ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Pauli paramagnetism Description of subject: Pauli paramagnetism is the weak, temperature-independent magnetic response of conduction electrons in a metal arising from their spin alignment described by Fermi–Dirac statistics.
Referenced by (3)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
this entity surface form:
Pauli magnetic susceptibility