Triple

T1462731
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Fermi energy E31548 entity
Predicate usedToCalculate P98 FINISHED
Object Pauli paramagnetism
Pauli paramagnetism is the weak, temperature-independent magnetic response of conduction electrons in a metal arising from their spin alignment described by Fermi–Dirac statistics.
E166681 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Pauli paramagnetism | Statement: [Fermi energy, usedToCalculate, Pauli paramagnetism]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Pauli paramagnetism
Context triple: [Fermi energy, usedToCalculate, Pauli paramagnetism]
  • A. Bohr magneton
    The Bohr magneton is a fundamental physical constant that represents the natural unit of the electron’s magnetic moment in atomic physics.
  • B. Curie law of magnetization
    The Curie law of magnetization is a fundamental principle in magnetism stating that the magnetic susceptibility of a paramagnetic material is inversely proportional to its absolute temperature.
  • C. Zeeman effect
    The Zeeman effect is the splitting of atomic or molecular spectral lines into multiple components when subjected to an external magnetic field, revealing information about energy levels and magnetic moments.
  • D. Pauli equation
    The Pauli equation is a non-relativistic quantum mechanical wave equation that extends the Schrödinger equation to include spin-½ particles interacting with electromagnetic fields.
  • E. de Haas–van Alphen effect
    The de Haas–van Alphen effect is a quantum oscillatory phenomenon in metals where the magnetization varies periodically with applied magnetic field, allowing precise mapping of the electronic structure and Fermi surface.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Pauli paramagnetism
Triple: [Fermi energy, usedToCalculate, Pauli paramagnetism]
Generated description
Pauli paramagnetism is the weak, temperature-independent magnetic response of conduction electrons in a metal arising from their spin alignment described by Fermi–Dirac statistics.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Pauli paramagnetism
Target entity description: Pauli paramagnetism is the weak, temperature-independent magnetic response of conduction electrons in a metal arising from their spin alignment described by Fermi–Dirac statistics.
  • A. Bohr magneton
    The Bohr magneton is a fundamental physical constant that represents the natural unit of the electron’s magnetic moment in atomic physics.
  • B. Curie law of magnetization
    The Curie law of magnetization is a fundamental principle in magnetism stating that the magnetic susceptibility of a paramagnetic material is inversely proportional to its absolute temperature.
  • C. Zeeman effect
    The Zeeman effect is the splitting of atomic or molecular spectral lines into multiple components when subjected to an external magnetic field, revealing information about energy levels and magnetic moments.
  • D. Pauli equation
    The Pauli equation is a non-relativistic quantum mechanical wave equation that extends the Schrödinger equation to include spin-½ particles interacting with electromagnetic fields.
  • E. de Haas–van Alphen effect
    The de Haas–van Alphen effect is a quantum oscillatory phenomenon in metals where the magnetization varies periodically with applied magnetic field, allowing precise mapping of the electronic structure and Fermi surface.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69a49917dfc081909acdbdf5d684f1ef completed March 1, 2026, 7:52 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69a4c5b6e36c81909c47b2f7e66f17d7 completed March 1, 2026, 11:03 p.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69ad0e7ab538819090bc3e3ed1bbff64 completed March 8, 2026, 5:51 a.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69ad0f5106fc8190ab03c4e5a0287424 completed March 8, 2026, 5:55 a.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69ad0fa4c7d48190ac84267c16c6eb00 completed March 8, 2026, 5:56 a.m.
Created at: March 1, 2026, 8 p.m.