Artaxerxes I of Persia
E81804
Artaxerxes I of Persia was a 5th-century BCE Achaemenid king best known for ruling a vast Persian Empire and appearing in biblical history as the monarch who interacted with Jewish leaders during the restoration of Jerusalem.
All labels observed (8)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Artaxerxes I | 33 |
| Artaxerxes I of Persia canonical | 12 |
| Life of Artaxerxes | 2 |
| Artaxerxes | 1 |
| Artaxerxes Long-handed | 1 |
| Artaxerxes Longimanus | 1 |
| Persian king Artaxerxes I | 1 |
| court of Artaxerxes I | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T652091 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Artaxerxes I of Persia Context triple: [Ezra–Nehemiah, mainCharacter, Artaxerxes I of Persia]
-
A.
Darius I of Persia
Darius I of Persia was a powerful Achaemenid king (reigned 522–486 BCE) known for expanding and organizing the Persian Empire, promoting administrative reforms, and supporting major building projects across his realm.
-
B.
Cyrus the Great
Cyrus the Great was the 6th-century BCE founder of the Achaemenid Persian Empire, renowned for his military conquests, enlightened rule, and policies of religious tolerance and repatriation.
-
C.
King Ahasuerus
King Ahasuerus is the Persian monarch featured in the biblical Book of Esther, traditionally identified with Xerxes I and central to the events commemorated by the Jewish festival of Purim.
-
D.
Cambyses II
Cambyses II was a king of the Achaemenid Persian Empire, best known for succeeding Cyrus the Great and conquering Egypt in the 6th century BCE.
-
E.
Cambyses I
Cambyses I was a 6th-century BCE king of Anshan and an early Achaemenid ruler best known as the father of Cyrus the Great, founder of the Persian Empire.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Artaxerxes I of Persia Target entity description: Artaxerxes I of Persia was a 5th-century BCE Achaemenid king best known for ruling a vast Persian Empire and appearing in biblical history as the monarch who interacted with Jewish leaders during the restoration of Jerusalem.
-
A.
Darius I of Persia
Darius I of Persia was a powerful Achaemenid king (reigned 522–486 BCE) known for expanding and organizing the Persian Empire, promoting administrative reforms, and supporting major building projects across his realm.
-
B.
Cyrus the Great
Cyrus the Great was the 6th-century BCE founder of the Achaemenid Persian Empire, renowned for his military conquests, enlightened rule, and policies of religious tolerance and repatriation.
-
C.
King Ahasuerus
King Ahasuerus is the Persian monarch featured in the biblical Book of Esther, traditionally identified with Xerxes I and central to the events commemorated by the Jewish festival of Purim.
-
D.
Cambyses II
Cambyses II was a king of the Achaemenid Persian Empire, best known for succeeding Cyrus the Great and conquering Egypt in the 6th century BCE.
-
E.
Cambyses I
Cambyses I was a 6th-century BCE king of Anshan and an early Achaemenid ruler best known as the father of Cyrus the Great, founder of the Persian Empire.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (59)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
5th-century BCE ruler
ⓘ
Achaemenid king ⓘ King of Kings ⓘ Persian monarch ⓘ |
| alsoKnownAs |
Artaxerxes I of Persia
ⓘ
surface form:
Artaxerxes Long-handed
Artaxerxes I of Persia ⓘ
surface form:
Artaxerxes Longimanus
|
| birthDate | circa 5th century BCE ⓘ |
| burialPlace |
Naqsh-e Rustam inscriptions
ⓘ
surface form:
Naqsh-e Rostam
|
| capital |
Persepolis
ⓘ
Susa ⓘ |
| child | Xerxes II of Persia ⓘ |
| coinage | Daric ⓘ |
| conflictWith |
Athens
ⓘ
Egyptian rebels ⓘ |
| country | Achaemenid Empire ⓘ |
| deathDate | circa 424 BCE ⓘ |
| dynasty | Achaemenid dynasty ⓘ |
| era | Classical antiquity ⓘ |
| father |
Xerxes I
ⓘ
surface form:
Xerxes I of Persia
|
| givenName |
Artaxerxes I of Persia
self-linksurface differs
ⓘ
surface form:
Artaxerxes
|
| house |
Achaemenid dynasty
ⓘ
surface form:
House of Achaemenes
|
| interactedWith |
Ezra
ⓘ
Nehemiah ⓘ |
| issuedDecree |
Authorization for Ezra to lead return and reforms in Judah
ⓘ
Permission for Nehemiah to rebuild Jerusalem’s walls ⓘ |
| knownFor |
Interactions with Jewish leaders during restoration of Jerusalem
ⓘ
Ruling a vast Achaemenid Empire ⓘ |
| languageUsed |
Imperial Aramaic
ⓘ
Old Persian ⓘ |
| mentionedIn |
Megillat Esther
ⓘ
surface form:
Book of Esther (traditional identification by some scholars)
Ezra–Nehemiah ⓘ
surface form:
Book of Ezra
Ezra–Nehemiah ⓘ
surface form:
Book of Nehemiah
|
| mother | Amestris ⓘ |
| notableEvent |
Assassination of Xerxes I and succession crisis
ⓘ
Athenian intervention in Egypt ⓘ Peace of Callias (traditional attribution) ⓘ Revolt of Inaros in Egypt ⓘ |
| policy |
Support for local temple cults within the empire
ⓘ
Use of Aramaic as an administrative language ⓘ |
| predecessor |
Xerxes I
ⓘ
surface form:
Xerxes I of Persia
|
| realm |
Achaemenid Empire
ⓘ
surface form:
Persian Empire
|
| regionRuled |
Anatolia
ⓘ
Pharaonic Egypt ⓘ
surface form:
Egypt
Levant region ⓘ
surface form:
Levant
Mesopotamia ⓘ Persia ⓘ |
| regnalName |
Artaxerxes I of Persia
self-linksurface differs
ⓘ
surface form:
Artaxerxes I
|
| reignEnd | 424 BCE ⓘ |
| reignStart | 465 BCE ⓘ |
| religion | Zoroastrianism ⓘ |
| source |
Ctesias of Cnidus
ⓘ
Herodotus ⓘ |
| spouse | Damaspia ⓘ |
| successor |
Darius II of Persia
ⓘ
Sogdianus ⓘ Xerxes II of Persia ⓘ |
| title |
Great King
ⓘ
King of Countries ⓘ King of Kings of the Achaemenid Empire ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Artaxerxes I of Persia Description of subject: Artaxerxes I of Persia was a 5th-century BCE Achaemenid king best known for ruling a vast Persian Empire and appearing in biblical history as the monarch who interacted with Jewish leaders during the restoration of Jerusalem.
Referenced by (52)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
this entity surface form:
Artaxerxes I
this entity surface form:
Artaxerxes I