Alexander v. Holmes County Board of Education
E696718
Alexander v. Holmes County Board of Education is a 1969 U.S. Supreme Court decision that accelerated school desegregation by requiring immediate rather than gradual integration of public schools.
All labels observed (1)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Alexander v. Holmes County Board of Education canonical | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T7911716 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Alexander v. Holmes County Board of Education Context triple: [Green v. County School Board of New Kent County, precedentOf, Alexander v. Holmes County Board of Education]
-
A.
Jackson v. Birmingham Board of Education
Jackson v. Birmingham Board of Education is a landmark U.S. Supreme Court case that held individuals are protected from retaliation when they complain about sex discrimination in educational programs receiving federal funding.
-
B.
Meredith v. Jefferson County Board of Education
Meredith v. Jefferson County Board of Education was a U.S. Supreme Court case challenging the use of race in public school student assignment plans as part of broader litigation over voluntary school desegregation.
-
C.
Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education
Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education is a landmark 1971 U.S. Supreme Court case that upheld the use of busing and broad equitable powers by federal courts to achieve racial desegregation in public schools.
-
D.
Griffin v. County School Board of Prince Edward County
Griffin v. County School Board of Prince Edward County is a landmark 1964 U.S. Supreme Court case that held a Virginia county could not close its public schools and fund private segregation academies to avoid desegregation.
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E.
Cumming v. Richmond County Board of Education
Cumming v. Richmond County Board of Education was an 1899 U.S. Supreme Court decision that upheld racial segregation in public education by allowing a Georgia county to close a Black high school while maintaining white schools, reinforcing the “separate but equal” doctrine later challenged in Brown v. Board of Education.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Alexander v. Holmes County Board of Education Target entity description: Alexander v. Holmes County Board of Education is a 1969 U.S. Supreme Court decision that accelerated school desegregation by requiring immediate rather than gradual integration of public schools.
-
A.
Jackson v. Birmingham Board of Education
Jackson v. Birmingham Board of Education is a landmark U.S. Supreme Court case that held individuals are protected from retaliation when they complain about sex discrimination in educational programs receiving federal funding.
-
B.
Meredith v. Jefferson County Board of Education
Meredith v. Jefferson County Board of Education was a U.S. Supreme Court case challenging the use of race in public school student assignment plans as part of broader litigation over voluntary school desegregation.
-
C.
Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education
Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education is a landmark 1971 U.S. Supreme Court case that upheld the use of busing and broad equitable powers by federal courts to achieve racial desegregation in public schools.
-
D.
Griffin v. County School Board of Prince Edward County
Griffin v. County School Board of Prince Edward County is a landmark 1964 U.S. Supreme Court case that held a Virginia county could not close its public schools and fund private segregation academies to avoid desegregation.
-
E.
Cumming v. Richmond County Board of Education
Cumming v. Richmond County Board of Education was an 1899 U.S. Supreme Court decision that upheld racial segregation in public education by allowing a Georgia county to close a Black high school while maintaining white schools, reinforcing the “separate but equal” doctrine later challenged in Brown v. Board of Education.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (46)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
United States Supreme Court case
ⓘ
civil rights case ⓘ |
| areaOfLaw |
United States civil rights law
ⓘ
United States constitutional law ⓘ |
| category | United States Supreme Court cases of the Warren Court NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| citation | 396 U.S. 19 ⓘ |
| constitutionalProvision | Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| country |
United States of America
ⓘ
surface form:
United States
|
| court | Supreme Court of the United States ⓘ |
| decisionDate | 1969-10-29 ⓘ |
| decisionType | per curiam opinion ⓘ |
| effect |
accelerated school desegregation in the United States
ⓘ
required immediate integration of public schools that remained segregated ⓘ |
| enforcementMechanism | federal court desegregation orders ⓘ |
| fullName | Alexander v. Holmes County Board of Education NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| historicalSignificance |
considered a major step in enforcing Brown v. Board of Education
ⓘ
marked the end of tolerance for gradual desegregation plans in public schools ⓘ |
| holding |
Public schools that had not yet desegregated must terminate dual school systems at once and operate only unitary school systems
ⓘ
School districts could no longer rely on the standard of "all deliberate speed" for desegregation ⓘ |
| issue | whether school districts could continue to delay desegregation under prior orders allowing gradual compliance ⓘ |
| jurisdiction |
United States of America
ⓘ
surface form:
United States
|
| languageOfOpinion | English ⓘ |
| legalSubject |
civil rights law
ⓘ
constitutional law ⓘ education law ⓘ |
| locationOfOriginatingCase | Holmes County, Mississippi NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| mandate |
dual school systems based on race must be ended immediately
ⓘ
school boards must operate only unitary, nonracial school systems ⓘ |
| overruledStandard | "all deliberate speed" standard from Brown v. Board of Education II as a basis for delay ⓘ |
| pageInUnitedStatesReports | 19 ⓘ |
| party |
African American schoolchildren in Holmes County, Mississippi
ⓘ
Holmes County Board of Education NERFINISHED ⓘ United States Department of Justice NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| perCuriam | true ⓘ |
| precedentFor | later school desegregation enforcement cases ⓘ |
| regionAffected | Southern United States NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| relatedTo |
Brown v. Board of Education
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
Green v. County School Board of New Kent County NERFINISHED ⓘ Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| shortName | Alexander v. Holmes County Bd. of Educ. NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| subjectMatter |
public school desegregation
ⓘ
racial segregation in education ⓘ |
| term | 1969 term of the Supreme Court of the United States ⓘ |
| timeContext | post–Brown v. Board of Education desegregation era ⓘ |
| volumeInUnitedStatesReports | 396 ⓘ |
| yearDecided | 1969 ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Alexander v. Holmes County Board of Education Description of subject: Alexander v. Holmes County Board of Education is a 1969 U.S. Supreme Court decision that accelerated school desegregation by requiring immediate rather than gradual integration of public schools.
Referenced by (1)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
Green v. County School Board of New Kent County
→
precedentOf
→
Alexander v. Holmes County Board of Education
ⓘ