Stored Communications Act
E66413
The Stored Communications Act is a U.S. federal law that governs government and third-party access to stored electronic communications and associated data held by service providers.
All labels observed (4)
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T526454 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Stored Communications Act Context triple: [Electronic Communications Privacy Act, component, Stored Communications Act]
-
A.
Electronic Communications Privacy Act
The Electronic Communications Privacy Act is a U.S. federal law that governs the interception, access, and disclosure of electronic communications and associated data by government and private entities.
-
B.
Privacy Act of 1974
The Privacy Act of 1974 is a U.S. federal law that governs how federal agencies collect, maintain, use, and disclose individuals’ personal information, granting citizens rights to access and correct records about themselves.
-
C.
USA FREEDOM Act
The USA FREEDOM Act is a 2015 U.S. law that reformed government surveillance authorities, notably curbing bulk collection of Americans’ phone records while renewing and modifying key intelligence-gathering powers.
-
D.
Cybersecurity Information Sharing Act of 2015
The Cybersecurity Information Sharing Act of 2015 is a U.S. federal law that facilitates the sharing of cyber threat information between private companies and the government to improve national cybersecurity while addressing privacy and civil liberties concerns.
-
E.
PROTECT Act
The PROTECT Act is a U.S. federal law aimed primarily at strengthening protections for children against sexual exploitation, abuse, and abduction, including tougher penalties for related offenses.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Stored Communications Act Target entity description: The Stored Communications Act is a U.S. federal law that governs government and third-party access to stored electronic communications and associated data held by service providers.
-
A.
Electronic Communications Privacy Act
The Electronic Communications Privacy Act is a U.S. federal law that governs the interception, access, and disclosure of electronic communications and associated data by government and private entities.
-
B.
Privacy Act of 1974
The Privacy Act of 1974 is a U.S. federal law that governs how federal agencies collect, maintain, use, and disclose individuals’ personal information, granting citizens rights to access and correct records about themselves.
-
C.
USA FREEDOM Act
The USA FREEDOM Act is a 2015 U.S. law that reformed government surveillance authorities, notably curbing bulk collection of Americans’ phone records while renewing and modifying key intelligence-gathering powers.
-
D.
Cybersecurity Information Sharing Act of 2015
The Cybersecurity Information Sharing Act of 2015 is a U.S. federal law that facilitates the sharing of cyber threat information between private companies and the government to improve national cybersecurity while addressing privacy and civil liberties concerns.
-
E.
PROTECT Act
The PROTECT Act is a U.S. federal law aimed primarily at strengthening protections for children against sexual exploitation, abuse, and abduction, including tougher penalties for related offenses.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (48)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
United States federal statute
ⓘ
computer law ⓘ privacy law ⓘ |
| allows |
court orders for certain transactional records
ⓘ
subpoenas for certain non-content records ⓘ |
| amendedBy |
USA FREEDOM Act
ⓘ
USA PATRIOT Act ⓘ |
| appliesTo |
electronic communication service providers
ⓘ
remote computing service providers ⓘ |
| codifiedAs | 18 U.S.C. §§ 2701–2712 ⓘ |
| codifiedIn | Title 18 of the United States Code ⓘ |
| contains |
exceptions for emergency disclosures
ⓘ
exceptions for provider self-defense and service protection ⓘ exceptions for user consent ⓘ |
| country |
United States of America
ⓘ
surface form:
United States
|
| dateEnacted | 1986-10-21 ⓘ |
| defines |
electronic communication service
ⓘ
remote computing service ⓘ |
| enactedBy | United States Congress ⓘ |
| fullName |
Stored Communications Act
self-linksurface differs
ⓘ
surface form:
Stored Wire and Electronic Communications and Transactional Records Access Act
|
| governs |
government access to stored communications
ⓘ
third-party access to stored communications ⓘ |
| imposes | restrictions on voluntary disclosure of communications by providers ⓘ |
| influencedBy | advances in electronic mail technology ⓘ |
| jurisdiction | federal ⓘ |
| partOf | Electronic Communications Privacy Act ⓘ |
| provides |
civil remedies for unauthorized access to stored communications
ⓘ
criminal penalties for unauthorized access to stored communications ⓘ |
| purpose |
to protect privacy of stored electronic communications
ⓘ
to regulate law enforcement access to stored communications data ⓘ |
| regulates |
access to electronic communication records
ⓘ
access to stored electronic communications ⓘ access to stored wire communications ⓘ access to subscriber records ⓘ |
| relatedTo |
Electronic Communications Privacy Act
ⓘ
Fourth Amendment privacy issues ⓘ |
| requires | warrants for certain content of communications ⓘ |
| section |
18 U.S.C. § 2701
ⓘ
18 U.S.C. § 2702 ⓘ 18 U.S.C. § 2703 ⓘ 18 U.S.C. § 2707 ⓘ 18 U.S.C. § 2711 ⓘ |
| shortName | SCA ⓘ |
| signedBy | Ronald Reagan ⓘ |
| subjectOf |
Carpenter v. United States
ⓘ
Microsoft Corp. v. United States ⓘ United States v. Warshak ⓘ |
| yearEnacted | 1986 ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Stored Communications Act Description of subject: The Stored Communications Act is a U.S. federal law that governs government and third-party access to stored electronic communications and associated data held by service providers.
Referenced by (12)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
this entity surface form:
Title II – Stored Communications Act
this entity surface form:
Stored Wire and Electronic Communications and Transactional Records Access Act
this entity surface form:
The Stored Communications Act is unconstitutional to the extent it allows the government to obtain email contents from a provider without a warrant.