Al-Anfal campaign
E61381
The Al-Anfal campaign was a late-1980s genocidal military operation by Saddam Hussein’s regime that targeted and massacred Kurdish civilians in northern Iraq.
Aliases (2)
Statements (48)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
crime against humanity
→
genocide → military campaign → war crime → |
| alsoKnownAs |
Al-Anfal genocide
→
Anfal genocide → |
| commander |
Ali Hassan al-Majid
→
|
| country |
Iraq
→
|
| endTime |
1989
→
|
| languageOfName |
Arabic
→
|
| legalClassification |
genocide against Kurds
→
|
| legalStatus |
recognized as genocide by Iraqi High Tribunal
→
recognized as genocide by several national parliaments → |
| location |
Iraqi Kurdistan
→
Kurdish regions of Iraq → northern Iraq → |
| mainPhaseStartTime |
1988
→
|
| method |
chemical weapons attacks
→
forced displacement → mass executions → scorched earth policy → village destruction → |
| militaryBranchInvolved |
Iraqi Air Force
→
Iraqi Army → |
| motive |
Arabization of Kurdish areas
→
suppression of Kurdish resistance → |
| nameMeaning |
The Spoils (from Quranic sura Al-Anfal)
→
|
| notableEvent |
chemical attack on Halabja
→
|
| numberOfVictims |
over 50000
→
up to 182000 → |
| partOf |
Iraqi government repression of Kurds
→
Iraq–Kurdish conflict → |
| perpetrator |
Ba'athist Iraq
→
Saddam Hussein regime → |
| politicalLeader |
Saddam Hussein
→
|
| region |
Middle East
→
|
| result |
destruction of thousands of Kurdish villages
→
mass killing of Kurdish civilians → |
| securityForcesInvolved |
Ba'ath Party militias
→
Iraqi intelligence services → |
| startTime |
1986
→
|
| target |
Iraqi Kurds
→
Kurdish civilians → rural Kurdish villages → |
| timePeriod |
late 1980s
→
|
| victimGroup |
Kurdish children
→
Kurdish men → Kurdish women → |
Referenced by (3)
| Subject (surface form when different) | Predicate |
|---|---|
|
Iraqi Special Tribunal
("Anfal campaign trial")
→
|
notableCase |
|
Saddam Hussein
→
|
orderedEvent |
|
Iraqi Kurdish rebellions
("Anfal campaign")
→
|
relatedTo |