Al-Anfal campaign

E61381
crime against humanity genocide military campaign war crime

The Al-Anfal campaign was a late-1980s genocidal military operation by Saddam Hussein’s regime that targeted and massacred Kurdish civilians in northern Iraq.

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All labels observed (6)

Label Occurrences
Anfal campaign 4
Al-Anfal campaign canonical 2
Al-Anfal genocide campaign 1

Statements (48)

Predicate Object
instanceOf crime against humanity ⓘ
genocide ⓘ
military campaign ⓘ
war crime ⓘ
alsoKnownAs Anfal genocide ⓘ
surface form: Al-Anfal genocide

Anfal genocide ⓘ
commander Ali Hassan al-Majid ⓘ
country Iraq ⓘ
endTime 1989 ⓘ
languageOfName Arabic ⓘ
legalClassification genocide against Kurds ⓘ
legalStatus recognized as genocide by Iraqi High Tribunal ⓘ
recognized as genocide by several national parliaments ⓘ
location Kurdistan ⓘ
surface form: Iraqi Kurdistan

Kurdish regions of Iraq ⓘ
northern Iraq ⓘ
mainPhaseStartTime 1988 ⓘ
method chemical weapons attacks ⓘ
forced displacement ⓘ
mass executions ⓘ
scorched earth policy ⓘ
village destruction ⓘ
militaryBranchInvolved Iraqi Air Force ⓘ
Iraqi Army ⓘ
motive Arabization of Kurdish areas ⓘ
suppression of Kurdish resistance ⓘ
nameMeaning The Spoils (from Quranic sura Al-Anfal) ⓘ
notableEvent chemical attack on Halabja ⓘ
numberOfVictims over 50000 ⓘ
up to 182000 ⓘ
partOf Iraqi government repression of Kurds ⓘ
Iraqi Kurdish rebellions ⓘ
surface form: Iraq–Kurdish conflict
perpetrator Iraq ⓘ
surface form: Ba'athist Iraq

Saddam Hussein ⓘ
surface form: Saddam Hussein regime
politicalLeader Saddam Hussein ⓘ
region Middle East ⓘ
result destruction of thousands of Kurdish villages ⓘ
mass killing of Kurdish civilians ⓘ
securityForcesInvolved Ba'ath Party militias ⓘ
Iraqi Intelligence Service ⓘ
surface form: Iraqi intelligence services
startTime 1986 ⓘ
target Kurds ⓘ
surface form: Iraqi Kurds

Kurdish civilians ⓘ
rural Kurdish villages ⓘ
timePeriod late 1980s ⓘ
victimGroup Kurdish children ⓘ
Kurdish men ⓘ
Kurdish women ⓘ

Referenced by (10)

Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.

Saddam Hussein → orderedEvent → Al-Anfal campaign ⓘ
Iraqi Kurdish rebellions → relatedTo → Al-Anfal campaign ⓘ
this entity surface form: Anfal campaign
Iraqi Special Tribunal → notableCase → Al-Anfal campaign ⓘ
this entity surface form: Anfal campaign trial
Ali Hassan al-Majid → notableFor → Al-Anfal campaign ⓘ
this entity surface form: Anfal campaign against Kurds
Ali Hassan al-Majid → perpetratorOf → Al-Anfal campaign ⓘ
this entity surface form: Anfal campaign
Halabja chemical attack → partOf → Al-Anfal campaign ⓘ
Halabja chemical attack → associatedWith → Al-Anfal campaign ⓘ
this entity surface form: Al-Anfal genocide campaign
Anfal genocide → alsoKnownAs → Al-Anfal campaign ⓘ
this entity surface form: Anfal campaign
Anfal genocide → alsoKnownAs → Al-Anfal campaign ⓘ
this entity surface form: al-Anfal campaign
Ba'athist Iraq → involvedInConflict → Al-Anfal campaign ⓘ
this entity surface form: Anfal campaign