Halabja chemical attack

E202797

The Halabja chemical attack was a 1988 mass killing of Kurdish civilians in the Iraqi town of Halabja using chemical weapons by Saddam Hussein’s regime, and is one of the most notorious war crimes of the late 20th century.

All labels observed (3)

Label Occurrences
Halabja chemical attack canonical 3
Halabja massacre 2
Halabja gas attack 1

How this entity was disambiguated

Statements (49)

Predicate Object
instanceOf chemical weapons attack
crime against humanity
mass killing
war crime
aftermath evidence used in trials of Saddam-era officials
international condemnation of Iraqi regime
alsoKnownAs Halabja chemical attack
surface form: Halabja gas attack

Halabja chemical attack
surface form: Halabja massacre
associatedWith Al-Anfal campaign
surface form: Al-Anfal genocide campaign

Anfal genocide
surface form: Kurdish genocide
cause Iraqi attempt to punish Kurdish collaboration with Iran
commemoratedOn Halabja Memorial Day
conflict Iran–Iraq War
surface form: Iraq–Iran War
country Iraq
date 1988-03-16
estimatedDeaths 5000
estimatedInjured 10000
7000
legalStatus crime against humanity under international law
war crime under international law
location Halabja
Kurdistan Regional Government
surface form: Iraqi Kurdistan

Kurdistan Regional Government
surface form: Kurdistan Region
memorial Halabja
surface form: Halabja Monument
notableFor high proportion of women and children among victims
use of multiple chemical agents in a single attack
partOf Al-Anfal campaign
perpetrator Ba'athist Iraq
Ba'athist Iraq
surface form: Saddam Hussein regime
precededBy conventional bombardment of Halabja
region Middle East
responsibleCommander Ali Hassan al-Majid
Saddam Hussein
result environmental contamination
long-term health effects
mass civilian casualties
significance one of the largest chemical weapons attacks against a civilian-populated area in history
symbol of Kurdish suffering under Saddam Hussein
target Kurdish civilians
civilian population
usedAsEvidenceIn trial of Ali Hassan al-Majid
Iraqi Special Tribunal
surface form: trial of Saddam Hussein
weaponUsed VX gas
surface form: VX (nerve agent)

chemical weapons
mustard gas
nerve agents
sarin
tabun
year 1988

How these facts were elicited

Referenced by (6)

Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.

Iraqi Kurdish rebellions relatedTo Halabja chemical attack
Ali Hassan al-Majid notableFor Halabja chemical attack
Ali Hassan al-Majid perpetratorOf Halabja chemical attack
Halabja chemical attack alsoKnownAs Halabja chemical attack
this entity surface form: Halabja massacre
Halabja chemical attack alsoKnownAs Halabja chemical attack
this entity surface form: Halabja gas attack
Halabja knownFor Halabja chemical attack
this entity surface form: Halabja massacre