Treaty of Nanking

E58586

bilateral treaty peace treaty unequal treaty

The Treaty of Nanking was the 1842 agreement that ended the First Opium War between Britain and China, forcing the Qing dynasty to cede Hong Kong Island and grant significant trade and legal concessions to the British.

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All labels observed (3)

Label	Occurrences
Treaty of Nanking canonical	19
Treaty of Nanjing	7
Treaty of Nanking 1842	1

How this entity was disambiguated

This entity first appeared as the object of triple T468081 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.

NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07

Target entity: Treaty of Nanking
Context triple: [Hong Kong, treaty, Treaty of Nanking]

A. Treaty of Shimonoseki
The Treaty of Shimonoseki was an 1895 peace agreement between Qing China and Japan that ended the First Sino-Japanese War and marked Japan’s emergence as a major imperial power in East Asia.
B. Pangkor Treaty of 1874
The Pangkor Treaty of 1874 was an agreement between the British and Malay rulers that marked the beginning of formal British political control in the Malay Peninsula by establishing a British Resident in Perak.
C. Treaty of San Francisco
The Treaty of San Francisco was the 1951 peace treaty between Japan and most Allied nations that officially ended World War II hostilities with Japan and restored its sovereignty.
D. Treaty of Bassein (1802)
The Treaty of Bassein (1802) was an agreement between the British East India Company and the Maratha leader Baji Rao II that effectively placed the Maratha state under British protection and marked a major step in the expansion of British power in India.
E. Treaty of Ghent
The Treaty of Ghent was the 1814 peace agreement between the United States and Great Britain that ended the War of 1812 and largely restored relations and territorial boundaries to their prewar status.
F. None of above. chosen
G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.

NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07

Target entity: Treaty of Nanking
Target entity description: The Treaty of Nanking was the 1842 agreement that ended the First Opium War between Britain and China, forcing the Qing dynasty to cede Hong Kong Island and grant significant trade and legal concessions to the British.

A. Treaty of Shimonoseki
The Treaty of Shimonoseki was an 1895 peace agreement between Qing China and Japan that ended the First Sino-Japanese War and marked Japan’s emergence as a major imperial power in East Asia.
B. Pangkor Treaty of 1874
The Pangkor Treaty of 1874 was an agreement between the British and Malay rulers that marked the beginning of formal British political control in the Malay Peninsula by establishing a British Resident in Perak.
C. Treaty of San Francisco
The Treaty of San Francisco was the 1951 peace treaty between Japan and most Allied nations that officially ended World War II hostilities with Japan and restored its sovereignty.
D. Treaty of Bassein (1802)
The Treaty of Bassein (1802) was an agreement between the British East India Company and the Maratha leader Baji Rao II that effectively placed the Maratha state under British protection and marked a major step in the expansion of British power in India.
E. Definitive Treaty of Peace
The Definitive Treaty of Peace is the 1783 agreement that formally ended the American Revolutionary War and recognized the independence of the United States from Great Britain.
F. None of above. chosen

Statements (49)

Predicate	Object
instanceOf	bilateral treaty ⓘ peace treaty ⓘ unequal treaty ⓘ
abolished	Cohong monopoly system in Canton ⓘ
alsoKnownAs	Treaty of Nanking ⓘ surface form: Treaty of Nanjing
cameIntoForceInYear	1842 ⓘ
countryAffected	China ⓘ
countryBenefited	United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland ⓘ
endedConflict	Anglo-Chinese War ⓘ surface form: First Opium War
followedBy	Treaty of the Bogue ⓘ
grantedRight	establishment of British consuls in treaty ports ⓘ residence of British subjects in treaty ports ⓘ
historicalPeriod	Anglo-Chinese War ⓘ surface form: First Opium War
imposedIndemnityOn	Qing dynasty ⓘ
indemnityAmountSilverDollars	21000000 ⓘ
indemnityPurpose	compensation for opium destroyed by Lin Zexu ⓘ costs of the war ⓘ
inspiredTerm	unequal treaties ⓘ
language	Chinese ⓘ English ⓘ
legalStatusOfHongKongAfterTreaty	British colony ⓘ
negotiatedBy	Niu Jian ⓘ Qiying ⓘ Sir Henry Pottinger ⓘ Yilibu ⓘ
openedPort	Xiamen ⓘ surface form: Amoy Canton ⓘ Fuzhou ⓘ Ningbo-Zhoushan ⓘ surface form: Ningbo Shanghai ⓘ
prohibited	use of the term yi (barbarian) for British officials in official documents ⓘ
relatedTo	British imperialism in China ⓘ Qing dynasty foreign relations ⓘ history of Hong Kong ⓘ
requiredCessionOf	Hong Kong Island ⓘ
requiredCessionTo	British Empire ⓘ United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland ⓘ
signatory	Qing dynasty ⓘ United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland ⓘ
signatoryParty	British Empire ⓘ China ⓘ
signedAt	HMS Cornwallis ⓘ
signedNear	Nanjing ⓘ
signedOn	1842-08-29 ⓘ
stipulatedTariffRegime	fixed low import and export duties ⓘ
subjectMatter	cessions of territory ⓘ diplomatic relations ⓘ indemnities ⓘ trade concessions ⓘ

How these facts were elicited

Referenced by (27)

Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.

Hong Kong, China → treaty → Treaty of Nanking ⓘ

subject surface form: Hong Kong

Opium Wars → result → Treaty of Nanking ⓘ

subject surface form: First Opium War

this entity surface form: Treaty of Nanjing

Opium Wars → significantTreaty → Treaty of Nanking ⓘ

this entity surface form: Treaty of Nanjing

Treaties of the United Kingdom → hasPart → Treaty of Nanking ⓘ

this entity surface form: Treaty of Nanking 1842

Treaty of Nanking → alsoKnownAs → Treaty of Nanking ⓘ

this entity surface form: Treaty of Nanjing

Hong Kong under British rule → majorTreaty → Treaty of Nanking ⓘ

Shanghai International Settlement (British participation) → legalBasis → Treaty of Nanking ⓘ

British concession in Amoy → establishedByTreaty → Treaty of Nanking ⓘ

British concession in Amoy → portOpenedAsTreatyPortBy → Treaty of Nanking ⓘ

Treaty of the Bogue → follows → Treaty of Nanking ⓘ

Treaty of the Bogue → isSupplementTo → Treaty of Nanking ⓘ

Treaty of the Bogue → relatedTo → Treaty of Nanking ⓘ

British opium trade in China → linkedTo → Treaty of Nanking ⓘ

this entity surface form: Treaty of Nanjing

Treaty of Tientsin → relatedTo → Treaty of Nanking ⓘ

Daoguang Emperor → notableEvent → Treaty of Nanking ⓘ

Anglo-Chinese War → concludedBy → Treaty of Nanking ⓘ

Convention of Peking → relatedTo → Treaty of Nanking ⓘ

Century of Humiliation → hasPart → Treaty of Nanking ⓘ

this entity surface form: Treaty of Nanjing

Sir Henry Pottinger → notableWork → Treaty of Nanking ⓘ

Yilibu → significantEvent → Treaty of Nanking ⓘ

HMS Cornwallis → locationOfEvent → Treaty of Nanking ⓘ

HMS Cornwallis → associatedWith → Treaty of Nanking ⓘ

HMS Cornwallis → treatySignedOnboard → Treaty of Nanking ⓘ

Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory → relatedTo → Treaty of Nanking ⓘ

Shanghai Municipal Council → follows → Treaty of Nanking ⓘ

British informal empire in China → beganWith → Treaty of Nanking ⓘ

this entity surface form: Treaty of Nanjing

Yangtze River treaty port system → hasCause → Treaty of Nanking ⓘ

this entity surface form: Treaty of Nanjing

All labels observed (3)

How this entity was disambiguated Show

Statements (49)

How these facts were elicited Show

Referenced by (27)

How this entity was disambiguated

How these facts were elicited