United States v. Sokolow
E522187
United States v. Sokolow is a 1989 U.S. Supreme Court case that clarified the standard for reasonable suspicion under the Fourth Amendment, particularly in the context of drug courier profiling and investigative stops.
Statements (48)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
U.S. Supreme Court case
ⓘ
criminal procedure case ⓘ search and seizure case ⓘ |
| appliedTest | totality of the circumstances ⓘ |
| areaOfLaw |
United States constitutional law
ⓘ
United States criminal procedure ⓘ |
| arguedDate | 1988-10-31 ⓘ |
| chiefJusticeAtDecision | William H. Rehnquist NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| citation | 490 U.S. 1 ⓘ |
| citedFor |
definition of reasonable suspicion
ⓘ
use of profiles in investigative stops ⓘ |
| concurrenceBy |
Harry A. Blackmun
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
Thurgood Marshall NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| constitutionalProvision | Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| court | Supreme Court of the United States ⓘ |
| decidedIn | 1989 ⓘ |
| decisionDate | 1989-04-03 ⓘ |
| dissentBy |
John Paul Stevens
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
William J. Brennan Jr. NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| docketNumber | 87-1295 ⓘ |
| factPattern | Investigatory stop of a suspected drug courier at an airport based on multiple suspicious travel characteristics. ⓘ |
| fullName | United States v. Sokolow NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| holding |
Officers may have reasonable suspicion to justify an investigative stop based on the totality of the circumstances even when each individual factor is consistent with innocent travel.
ⓘ
Use of a drug courier profile does not, by itself, render a stop unconstitutional if reasonable suspicion exists under the totality of the circumstances. ⓘ |
| involves |
airport stop
ⓘ
drug enforcement investigation ⓘ |
| joinedByInMajority |
Anthony M. Kennedy
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
Antonin Scalia NERFINISHED ⓘ Byron R. White NERFINISHED ⓘ John Paul Stevens NERFINISHED ⓘ Sandra Day O’Connor NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| jurisdiction |
United States of America
ⓘ
surface form:
United States
|
| legalIssue |
Fourth Amendment
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
Terry stop ⓘ drug courier profile ⓘ investigative stop ⓘ reasonable suspicion standard ⓘ |
| majorityOpinionBy | William H. Rehnquist NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| page | 1 ⓘ |
| petitioner | United States NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| precedentialStatus | binding precedent in U.S. federal courts ⓘ |
| relatedDoctrine | Terry v. Ohio NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| reporter | United States Reports ⓘ |
| respondent | Andrew Sokolow NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| standardClarified | reasonable suspicion ⓘ |
| topic |
criminal procedure
ⓘ
search and seizure law ⓘ |
| volume | 490 ⓘ |
Referenced by (1)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.