Ophiostoma ulmi
E3941
Ophiostoma ulmi is a pathogenic fungus best known for causing the devastating tree epidemic known as Dutch elm disease.
All labels observed (3)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Ophiostoma ulmi canonical | 7 |
| Ophiostoma novo-ulmi | 2 |
| Ophiostoma himal-ulmi | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T50227 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Ophiostoma ulmi Context triple: [Dutch elm disease, hasCause, Ophiostoma ulmi]
-
A.
Dutch elm disease
Dutch elm disease is a devastating fungal infection spread by elm bark beetles that has killed millions of elm trees worldwide, particularly in Europe and North America.
-
B.
Ulmus
Ulmus is a genus of deciduous trees commonly known as elms, widely distributed across the Northern Hemisphere and valued for their distinctive vase-shaped form and use in landscaping and timber.
-
C.
American elm
The American elm is a large, deciduous North American tree species historically prized for its vase-shaped form and use as a prominent shade and street tree.
-
D.
Douglas fir
Douglas fir is a large, long-lived conifer native to western North America, valued for its strong timber and ecological importance in mountain and coastal forests.
-
E.
Ruckelshaus
Ruckelshaus is the surname of William D. Ruckelshaus, a prominent American lawyer and public official best known as the first head of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and a key figure in the Watergate-era "Saturday Night Massacre."
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Ophiostoma ulmi Target entity description: Ophiostoma ulmi is a pathogenic fungus best known for causing the devastating tree epidemic known as Dutch elm disease.
-
A.
Dutch elm disease
Dutch elm disease is a devastating fungal infection spread by elm bark beetles that has killed millions of elm trees worldwide, particularly in Europe and North America.
-
B.
Ulmus
Ulmus is a genus of deciduous trees commonly known as elms, widely distributed across the Northern Hemisphere and valued for their distinctive vase-shaped form and use in landscaping and timber.
-
C.
American elm
The American elm is a large, deciduous North American tree species historically prized for its vase-shaped form and use as a prominent shade and street tree.
-
D.
Douglas fir
Douglas fir is a large, long-lived conifer native to western North America, valued for its strong timber and ecological importance in mountain and coastal forests.
-
E.
Milwaukee Deep
Milwaukee Deep is the deepest known point in the Atlantic Ocean, located within the Puerto Rico Trench.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (41)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
ascomycete
ⓘ
fungus ⓘ plant pathogen ⓘ |
| causes | Dutch elm disease ⓘ |
| causesSymptom |
death of elm trees
ⓘ
dieback of elm branches ⓘ wilting of elm leaves ⓘ yellowing of elm foliage ⓘ |
| class | Sordariomycetes ⓘ |
| controlMethod |
control of elm bark beetle vectors
ⓘ
planting resistant elm cultivars ⓘ removal of infected wood ⓘ sanitation felling of infected elms ⓘ |
| discoveredIn | early 20th century ⓘ |
| diseaseType | vascular wilt disease ⓘ |
| epidemicAssociatedWith |
Dutch elm disease epidemic in North America
ⓘ
Dutch elm disease pandemic in Europe ⓘ |
| family | Ophiostomataceae ⓘ |
| genus | Ophiostoma ⓘ |
| geographicImpact |
Europe
ⓘ
North America ⓘ |
| hasMoreAggressiveSuccessor | Ophiostoma novo-ulmi ⓘ |
| hostRange |
North American elms
ⓘ
primarily European elms ⓘ |
| infectsTissue | xylem of elm trees ⓘ |
| kingdom | Fungi ⓘ |
| notableFor | causing large-scale mortality of elms in the 20th century ⓘ |
| order |
Ophiostomataceae
ⓘ
surface form:
Ophiostomatales
|
| pathogenicTo |
Ulmus species
ⓘ
elm trees ⓘ |
| phylum | Ascomycota ⓘ |
| reproduction |
asexual reproduction
ⓘ
sexual reproduction ⓘ |
| sporeType |
asexual spores
ⓘ
sexual spores ⓘ |
| spreadMechanism |
movement of infected wood
ⓘ
transport of infected nursery stock ⓘ |
| taxonRank | species ⓘ |
| transmittedBy | elm bark beetles ⓘ |
| vector |
European elm bark beetle
ⓘ
surface form:
Scolytus multistriatus
Scolytus scolytus ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Ophiostoma ulmi Description of subject: Ophiostoma ulmi is a pathogenic fungus best known for causing the devastating tree epidemic known as Dutch elm disease.
Referenced by (10)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
this entity surface form:
Ophiostoma novo-ulmi
this entity surface form:
Ophiostoma novo-ulmi
this entity surface form:
Ophiostoma himal-ulmi